The escutcheon was so-called, we presume, from its similarity to the shape of a shield or escutcheon, and on a first-class cow it will be very like it, and somewhat like a round-pointed shovel. On this escutcheon, the hair will generally be of a different color from that bordering it, most generally rather darker, always shorter, and more nearly resembling fur. This difference in color is produced by the UP-growing hair contrasting with the DOWN-growing surrounding it. The hair of the escutcheon should be short, soft, and fine; and the skin very soft, like a kid glove, thin, and oleaginous. And if the cow gives good rich milk, this skin will be of a rich, golden, or nankeen hue. Often where you handle a skin of this character the hands will feel oily, and soiled with rich dandruff. The Shape of the Escutcheon. The Escutcheon varies in shape, and Guenon named his ten classes from their shapes. The first class, he called Flandrine or Flanders, because it is the best, and he named it from the best cows he knew, those from Flanders, or the Flemish breed, and they had more of this shaped escutcheon than any other breed; a quiet but sure proof of the truth of his system. The second class he called Flandrine à gauche, because although it had the Flanders shape, it was on the _left_ flank, he called it therefore the Left Flanders. The third class are the Lisière, or The Selvage, from its appearance to a selvage, or binding of a piece of cloth. The fourth class are the Courbe-Ligne, or the Curveline, because their escutcheon is lozenge-shaped, formed by a curved line which sides to the right and left, and rises to about five or six centimeters from the vulva. The fifth class he denominated Bicorne, or the Bicorn cow, because the upper part of this escutcheon forks in two horns. The sixth class, Double-Lisière, or Double Selvage, has an entirely arbitrary name, and it is an odd freak of nature. The seventh class is called Poitevine, or Demijohn, from a fancied resemblance to some kinds of demijohns. The eighth class is Equerrine, or Square-Escutcheon, as it is square at the upward part. The ninth class is the Limousine, as it was on a cow from that Province that Guenon first saw this shaped escutcheon. The tenth class is called Carrésine, or Horizontal, because the upward part of the escutcheon is cut off squarely by a horizontal line.