HOW TO STUDY ARCHITECTURE HOW TO STUDY ARCHITECTURE BY CHARLES H. CAFFIN Author of “How to Study Pictures,” “The Story of French Painting,” “The Story of Dutch Painting,” “The Story of Spanish Painting,” “Appreciations of the Drama,” “Art for Life’s Sake,” etc. AN ATTEMPT TO TRACE THE EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE AS THE PRODUCT AND EXPRESSION OF SUCCESSIVE PHASES OF CIVILISATION _WITH ILLUSTRATIONS_ [Illustration] NEW YORK DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY 1917 COPYRIGHT, 1917 BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, Inc. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author gratefully acknowledges the critical assistance given to him on certain points by Professor William H. Goodyear, W. Harmon Beers and William Warfield; and his indebtedness to Caroline Caffin for compiling the index and to Irving Heyl for several architectural drawings. For some of the illustrations he has put himself under obligations to the following publications, through the courtesy of the Librarian of the Metropolitan Museum of Art--“Histoire de l’Art,” by Perrot et Chipiez; “Assyrian Sculptures,” by Rev. Archibald Paterson; “Monuments Modernes de la Perse,” by Pascal Coste; “Ruins of the Palace of Diocletian at Spalato” by R. Adams, and “The Annual of the British School at Athens.” CONTENTS BOOK I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER PAGE I PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS 3 II PRIMITIVE STRUCTURES 13 BOOK II PRE-CLASSIC PERIOD I EGYPTIAN CIVILISATION 25 II EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 38 III CHALDÆAN, ASSYRIAN AND BABYLONIAN CIVILISATION 56 IV CHALDÆAN, ASSYRIAN AND BABYLONIAN ARCHITECTURE 65 V PERSIAN CIVILISATION 74 VI PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE 80 VII MINOAN OR ÆGEAN CIVILISATION 88 VIII MINOAN OR ÆGEAN ARCHITECTURE 95 BOOK III CLASSIC PERIOD I HELLENIC CIVILISATION 105 II HELLENIC ARCHITECTURE 116 III ROMAN CIVILISATION 147 IV ROMAN ARCHITECTURE 163 BOOK IV POST-CLASSIC PERIOD I EARLY CHRISTIAN CIVILISATION 187