How to Study ArchitectureCaffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
History
How to Study Architecture
Caffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
Architecture -- History
The gradual modification of the Gothic style was effected by the
introduction of Classic features, especially at first of a decorative
character. One of the earliest examples of this transition is the fine
=Portal= of the =Doge’s Palace=, adjoining S. Marco, which was erected by
=Giovanni= and =Bartolommeo Buon=, who share with the Lombardi the chief
place in the early Venetian Renaissance.
=The Lombardi.=--This celebrated family of architects became known in the
person of a certain Martino who had two sons, Moro and Pietro
(1435-1515), and two grandsons by the latter, Antonio and Tullio. To
Martino belongs the façade of =S. Zaccaria=, the design of which was
developed in Pietro’s treatment of the beautiful little church of =S.
Maria dei Miracoli=. Its plan is an oblong, terminating in a square
chancel which is elevated considerably above the nave and is crowned by
a dome. The façade is decorated with two stories of engaged columns,
dividing the surface into panels which are encrusted with coloured
marbles, while the whole is surmounted by a semicircular pediment. The
carved details are of exquisite refinement. This choiceness of
decorative treatment reappears in the façade of the =Scuolo de S. Marco=,
which was also by Pietro, who further proved himself to be the most
accomplished member of the Lombardi by his façade of the =Vendramini
Palace=.
=Sansovino.=--The full development of the Renaissance style in Venice is
chiefly associated with Jacopo Sansovino (1477-1570). A pupil of the
Florentine sculptor, Andrea Sansovino, from whom he took his name, he
was at first employed by Julius II to restore antique statues and also
to make the bronze reproduction of the Laocoön group, which is now in
the Uffizi. After working in Florence and again in Rome, from which city
he fled when it was sacked by the Germans, Sansovino reached Venice in
1527 and was welcomed by Titian and Pietro Aretino. Here from time to
time he still produced indifferent sculpture, but became distinguished
as an architect, his most important works being the =Library of S. Marco=,
the =Zecca= or Mint, the =Cornaro Palace=, and the =Church of S. Giorgio del
Greci=--the last-named, erected by the Greek residents, being a
remarkable evidence of the tolerant spirit of the Venetians in the
matter of religion. In 1545 the roof of Sansovino’s library collapsed
and he was fined, imprisoned, and deprived of his office of chief
architect of S. Marco. He was, however, reinstated through the
intercession of Titian, Aretino, and other powerful friends and in the
course of his duties reinforced the domes with bands of iron.
The free invention with which Sansovino used the Classic orders and the
vigour and richness of his façades set the fashion for a sumptuousness
of style that in his hands had an imposing magnificence, but in his
followers degenerated into excess.
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