How to Study ArchitectureCaffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
History
How to Study Architecture
Caffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
Architecture -- History
From the outside were visible only the walls and portal of the
rectangular temple enclosure. The walls sloped backward, like the glacis
of a fortification. A clustered torus moulding, as of reeds bound
together at intervals, so as to produce alternate hollows and swells,
ran up each of the angles of the masonry and along the top of the walls,
where it was surmounted by a cavetto cornice, terminating in a square
moulding. A similar finish crowned the entrance door and its flanking
pylons. The door, framed at the sides and top with squared blocks of
stone, frankly proclaimed the post and beam principle that also
governed the interior construction of the temple.
The door was flanked by _pylons_, each a truncated pyramid with oblong
base; the form, in fact, of a hut grandiosely enlarged into a decorative
feature of immense impressiveness. Set into its walls were rings to hold
flag-staffs, and the surface of the pylon, like that of the walls, was
resplendent with coloured reliefs, extolling the prowess of the King who
had erected the temple. His statue flanked the doorway, in front of
which soared two obelisks, while the roadway that led to the temple was
embellished with an avenue of sphinxes. These avenues were of great
length, the one from Karnak to Luxor extending a mile and a half.
On the lintel over the door was the winged globe, symbol of the Sun’s
flight through the sky to conquer Night. Other symbolic ornaments
adorned the jambs and the various cornices, while historic pictures,
recording the achievements of the monarch’s rule, covered the surfaces
of walls and pylons. All were executed in the same way as the symbolic
ornament and the pictures in honour of the deity, which covered the
walls, columns, beams, and ceiling of the interior of the temple. The
forms were either cut down in very low relief or enclosed by incised
lines, the edges of which on the side nearer to the form were slightly
rounded, in order to give a sense of modelling. In both cases the
designs were filled in with the primary colours, blue, red, and yellow.
Thus the decoration, derived from the method of drawing patterns in the
mud of a wall while it was still damp, was inset, its higher parts being
in the same plane as the wall’s surface--a method distinctively mural
which also maintained the avoidance of projections. This avoidance of
projecting members, except in the cornice, was a marked characteristic
of the Egyptian use of the post and beam principle, as compared with the
use of it by the Greeks and Romans.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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