How to Study ArchitectureCaffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
History
How to Study Architecture
Caffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
Architecture -- History
Meanwhile the affair still maintained a semi-religious character; the
place of presentation was still around the altar of Dionysos and the
chorus was retained, taking its part in the action with explanation and
comment, still delivered, however, in dithyrambic measure and with
accompaniments of rhythmic gesture. The platform of the altar being
limited in space, the dialogue was usually confined to two actors at a
time, though a third was sometimes allowed. If there were other
characters involved, these actors would often “double” the parts;
disguising themselves by change of costume, especially by the use of
masks. This demanded some kind of a screen behind which the actors could
change their costumes and also wait until their presence was required.
Skins hung upon poles would at first serve the purpose, or a _skene_ or
tent, from which we derive our word scene, might be used. Whichever it
were, it would interfere with the view of the action from the back and
so draw the audience to the “front.”
* * * * *
The most important remains of Hellenic theatres are the =Theatre of
Dionysos=,[4] cut out of the side of the Acropolis, and the theatre at
=Epidauros=, in Argolis, Greece. The plan of the theatre of Dionysos is
that of a semi-circle, the ends of which are prolonged for a short
distance in a direction at right angles to the front of the skene.
Within the horseshoe was the circular orchestra, still whole at
=Epidauros=, in which the main action was carried on by actors and chorus.
A different plan is given by the Roman architect, Vitruvius. It is to be
noted, however, that Vitruvius lived in the reign of Augustus, by which
time what was pure Hellenic had become modified by foreign influences
into Hellenistic. He relates, for example, that in his time the height
of the _logeion_ or speaking platform--the stage of to-day--was from 10
to 12 feet. In earlier times, including probably the period of the
Classic drama, the logeion was the platform around the altar,
supplemented possibly by a platform two or three feet high extending
across the front of the _skene_, from which, at certain points in the
play, some, at least, of the actors spoke. This platform, being in front
of the scene and enclosed at the sides by projections of the latter, was
called the _proskenion_, from which is derived our word proscenium with
its different meaning.
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