There will also be needed two or three lengths of brass chain, or of copper wire, and a stool about 4 feet by 2 feet, with four glass balls or legs. A stool of this size admits of a chair being placed upon it, as in Fig. 3, and it will be also useful for certain applications of voltaism, which will be mentioned later on. Four glass jars are also needed with which to insulate an ordinary couch. [Illustration: FIG. 5. Improved Dischargers and Connecting Rod. FIG. 5_a_.] A chair, insulated by being screwed to a glass platform, as in Fig. 5_a_, _running on castors_, is an improvement upon the old-fashioned glass-legged stool. [SN: Franklinization by Sparks.] In Fig. 3, the electricity is escaping from all points of the skin, but if it is desired to localize somewhat this escape along the course of certain nerve branches, or otherwise, but to avoid shock, a brush may be slowly passed by the operator almost, but not quite, in contact with the skin. A series of rapid and successive reunions of the electricity with each bristle of the brush takes place, generating a current of cold air perceptible to the patient. I habitually use for this application an ordinary clothes-brush. If while in connection with the conductor any object (the knuckles will do) is brought sufficiently near to the patient for his contained electricity to overcome the resistance of the intervening stratum of air, he is “_discharged_” with a spark. This is _Franklinization by sparks_, and is accompanied by a certain slight amount of “shock.” In Fig. 5, improved “dischargers,” and a convenient metallic connecting rod are shown. The ball terminations of the dischargers should vary in size, for within certain limits, the larger the ball the more intense the spark; with the pointed end the spark is very small; with the discharger terminating in many small metallic points still smaller, and with a similar discharger made of wood, a luminous glow alone results, and no spark.[6] I shall discuss, in my third Lecture, the therapeutic values of Franklinism. VOLTAISM OR GALVANISM. [SN: Voltaism.] The Voltaic current is a _continuous_ current. Unless artificially interrupted, the electricity flows in an unbroken stream until the battery is exhausted. The current will gradually lessen in power until it ceases, but there will be no break in it, and no change in its direction, which is uniformly from the positive to the negative pole. [SN: Points of distinction between the Voltaic and Faradaic Currents.] It is important to recollect these points, for they constitute the chief physical distinction between the Voltaic and the Faradaic--or, as it is sometimes called, the Induced current. This latter is not, strictly speaking, a “_current_,” but a rapid discharge or succession of momentary shocks, each perfectly distinct in itself, and separated by an appreciable interval of time from its fellows. [SN: Voltaic Cells.]