How to Visit the English CathedralsSingleton, Esther
History
How to Visit the English Cathedrals
Singleton, Esther
Cathedrals -- England
“The transepts seem to have been built before the nave, but some of
the carved work of the capitals and corbels is of later date than
the nave. The capitals on the west side of both transepts are among
the finest in England. Many refer to the toothache.
“North Transept: first Pier.--(Inside the Priest Vicars’ vestry) A
prophet(?) with scroll on which there is no name: Man carrying
goose. (Outside) Head with tongue on teeth.
“Second Pier.--Aaron writing his name on a scroll: Moses with the
tables of stone.
“Third Pier.--Woman with a bandage across her face. Above this cap
the corbel consists of a seated figure, naked, with distorted mouth
and an agonised expression.
“South Transept, second pier (from the south end). Two men are
stealing grapes, one holds the basket full, the other plucks
grapes, holding a knife in his other hand: The farmers in pursuit,
one carries a spade and
the other a pitchfork: The man with the fork, a vigorous figure, catches
one thief: The man with the spade hits the other (whose face is most
woe-begone) on the head.
“Third pier.--Woman pulling thorn out of her foot: Man with one eye,
finger in his mouth: Baboon head: Cobbler; this figure shows very
plainly the method of shoemaking at this time; the cobbler in his apron,
sits with the shoe on one knee, his strap passes over the knee and round
the other foot, his foot is turned over so as to present the side and
not the sole to the strap: Woman’s head with long hair.
“Fourth pier.--Head perfectly hairless: Elias P. (the prophet) with hand
on cheek as if he, too, has the toothache: Head in hood, with tongue on
the one remaining tooth.
“It may be well here to say a word about the general classification of
these earlier capitals, since their date is a matter of great
architectural interest. I would venture to divide them into five
groups--
“(1) Those of the three western bays of the choir: simple carved foliage
of distinctly Norman character, as in the north porch: these belong to
the time of Reginald (1174-1191).
“(2) The four eastern bays of the nave and its aisles. Some of these may
belong to the first period, though later than the choir: they are more
advanced in the foliage, and teem with grotesque birds and beasts. Some,
however, of the caps in these bays are of quite different character;
they contain _genre_ subjects of perfectly naturalistic treatment, very
different to the St. Edmund of the north porch capital; but exactly
similar to the figure caps of the transepts. They must therefore have
been carved later than the death of Saint William Bytton.
“(3) The western bays of the nave. These, which are of much less
interest, belong to the period of Jocelin’s reconstruction (1220-1242).
They are characteristic examples of rich stiff-leaf foliage, freer than
that of the earlier work, but much less varied and without either human
figures or grotesques.
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