3. "The third sort is of those who readily and sincerely follow reason,
but for want of having that which one may call large, sound, roundabout
sense, have not a full view of all that relates to the question.... They
converse but with one sort of men, they read but one sort of books, they
will not come in the hearing but of one sort of notions.... They have a
pretty traffic with known correspondents in some little creek ... but
will not venture out into the great ocean of knowledge." Men of
originally equal natural parts may finally arrive at very different
stores of knowledge and truth, "when all the odds between them has been
the different scope that has been given to their understandings to range
in, for the gathering up of information and furnishing their heads with
ideas and notions and observations, whereon to employ their mind."[6]
[6] _The Conduct of the Understanding_, § 3.
In another portion of his writings,[7] Locke states the same ideas in
slightly different form.
[7] _Essay Concerning Human Understanding_, bk. IV, ch. XX, "Of
Wrong Assent or Error."
[Sidenote: Effect of dogmatic principles,]
1. "That which is inconsistent with our _principles_ is so far from
passing for probable with us that it will not be allowed possible. The
reverence borne to these principles is so great, and their authority so
paramount to all other, that the testimony, not only of other men, but
the evidence of our own senses are often rejected, when they offer to
vouch anything contrary to these _established rules_.... There is
nothing more ordinary than children's receiving into their minds
propositions ... from their parents, nurses, or those about them; which
being insinuated in their unwary as well as unbiased understandings, and
fastened by degrees, are at last (and this whether true or false)
riveted there by long custom and education, beyond all possibility of
being pulled out again. For men, when they are grown up, reflecting upon
their opinions and finding those of this sort to be as ancient in their
minds as their very memories, not having observed their early
insinuation, nor by what means they got them, they are apt to reverence
them as sacred things, and not to suffer them to be profaned, touched,
or questioned." They take them as standards "to be the great and
unerring deciders of truth and falsehood, and the judges to which they
are to appeal in all manner of controversies."
[Sidenote: of closed minds,]
2. "Secondly, next to these are men whose understandings are cast into a
mold, and fashioned just to the size of a received hypothesis." Such
men, Locke goes on to say, while not denying the existence of facts and
evidence, cannot be convinced by the evidence that would decide them if
their minds were not so closed by adherence to fixed belief.
[Sidenote: of strong passion,]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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