=Ita´lien= ~[eetah´lĭ-] Italy~ der =Ĭtālĭē´ner= ~an Italian~ J. =jā= ~yes; aye, just so, quite right; as everybody knows, indeed, “all right,” soon enough, surely, of course;~ ich sag’ es ja ~I tell you, “believe me”; [_emphasizing a statement_] why, don’t you see [_before the clause, or_] really, truly, even [_within the clause, or_] anyhow, at any rate, indeed, I am sure, you know, you see [_after the clause_]; [_emphasizing a command or prohibition_]~ tun Sie es ja´ ~be sure to do it;~ tun Sie es ja´ nicht ~don’t do it on any account~ =jāgen= ~hunt, drive, chase;~ sich jagen ~dash, sweep, race; [_intr._;~ ist gejagt~] race~ =jäh(e)= ~sudden, abrupt~ das =Jahr=, -e ~year;~ die besten Jahre ~the prime of life;~ in die Jahre kommen, wo... ~reach the age when...~ das =Jahrhundert=, -e ~century~ =Jakob= ~[~jā´kŏp~] Jacob~ =jämmerlich= ~pitiful, sorry, wretched, miserable~ =jammern= ~lament [~über ~+ _acc._]~ =j⸗apā´nisch= ~[yah-] Japanese [_Cf._ ~holländisch~.]~ =jāwohl´!= ~yes indeed! quite right! (yes,) certainly!~ =jē= ~ever, at any time; [_with a numeral_] at a time, each~ =jē= ~+ _comparative [always followed by transposition]_ the [_followed by a balancing clause with inversion introduced by_ ~desto ~+ _comp._]~ je älter sie sind, desto besser sind sie ~the older they are, the better they are~ =jeder=, jede, jedes ~each, every, any;~ ein jeder, ~_gen._~ eines jeden ~every single one, each and every one~ =jedesmāl= ~each (every) time (that...~ wenn...~)~ =jēdoch´= ~however~ von =jē´hēr´= ~[_or_~ jē´hēr~] from time out of mind; at all times~ =jemand= ~[_gen._~ jemand(e)s, ~_dat._~ jemand(em), ~_acc._~ jemand(en); ~_no pl._] somebody, someone, anybody, anyone~ =jener=, jene, jenes ~that (... yonder); the former, the other [_While_~ dieser ~_implies proximity,_~ jener ~_implies remoteness._]~ =jenseit(s)= ~[~jēn⸗~ _or_~ jĕn⸗~] on the other (farther) side (of _gen._)~ =jetzt= ~now [_at present_]~ =Jōhann´= ~John~ das =Jōhan´nĭswürmchen= ~glowworm~ =Joseph= ~[yōzĕf] Joseph~ =jōvĭāl´= ~[yōvi-] jovial, jolly~ der =Jūbel=, des -s ~[yo̅o̅-] (noisy) merrymaking, shouts of joy~ =jūbeln= ~[yo̅o̅-] shout lustily (merrily, for joy)~ die =Jūgend= ~youth [_youthful age or young people_]~ der =Jū′līā´bend=, -e ~[yo̅o̅-] July evening~ =jung=, jünger, der jüngste ~young, youthful~ der =Junge=, -n ~boy, youngster, lad~ die =Jungen= ~the young (folks)~ der =Jüngling=, -e ~youth, young man~ =Jǖterbog= ~[~⸗bock~] Jüterbog, a Prussian town situated about forty miles south of Berlin~ K. der =Kǟfer= ~beetle, chafer~ der =Kaf´fee=, des -s ~coffee~ =kahl= ~bald~ der =Kaiser= ~emperor [_A title that precedes a proper noun is never inflected unless it is itself preceded by an inflected pronoun. (But_~ Herr ~_is always inflected, pronoun or no pronoun._)]~ die =Kaiserstadt=, ⸗städte ~imperial city~ =kălt=, kä̆lter, der kä̆lteste ~cold, chill; cool, cold, indifferent~ die =Kälte= ~coolness, coldness~ =kām= ~_see_~ kommen