Human nature and the social orderCooley, Charles Horton
Science
Human nature and the social order
Cooley, Charles Horton
Individualism; Social psychology; Sociology
Progress from this point is chiefly in the way of a greater
definiteness, fulness, and inwardness in the imagination of the other’s
state of mind. A little child thinks of and tries to elicit certain
visible or audible phenomena, and does not go back of them; but what a
grown-up person desires to produce in others is an internal, invisible
condition which his own richer experience enables him to imagine, and of
which expression is only the sign. Even adults, however, make no
separation between what other people think and the visible expression of
that thought. They imagine the whole thing at once, and their idea
differs from that of a child chiefly in the comparative richness and
complexity of the elements that accompany and interpret the visible or
audible sign. There is also a progress from the naïve to the subtle in
socially self-assertive action. A child obviously and simply, at first,
does things for effect. Later there is an endeavor to suppress the
appearance of doing so; affection, indifference, contempt, etc., are
simulated to hide the real wish to affect the self-image. It is
perceived that an obvious seeking after good opinion is weak and
disagreeable.
I doubt whether there are any regular stages in the development of
social self-feeling and expression common to the majority of children.
The sentiments of self develop by imperceptible gradations out of the
crude appropriative instinct of new-born babes, and their manifestations
vary indefinitely in different cases. Many children show
“self-consciousness” conspicuously from the first half year; others have
little appearance of it at any age. Still others pass through periods of
affectation whose length and time of occurrence would probably be found
to be exceedingly various. In childhood, as at all times of life,
absorption in some idea other than that of the social self tends to
drive “self-consciousness” out.
Nearly everyone, however, whose turn of mind is at all imaginative goes
through a season of passionate self-feeling during adolescence, when,
according to current belief, the social impulses are stimulated in
connection with the rapid development of the functions of sex. This is a
time of hero-worship, of high resolve, of impassioned reverie, of vague
but fierce ambition, of strenuous imitation that seems affected, of
_gêne_ in the presence of the other sex or of superior persons, and so
on.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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