Human nature and the social orderCooley, Charles Horton
Science
Human nature and the social order
Cooley, Charles Horton
Individualism; Social psychology; Sociology
But nearly all persons of the finer, more sensitive sort find the social
self at times a source of passion and pain. In so far as a man amounts
to anything, stands for anything, is truly an individual, he has an ego
about which his passions cluster, and to aggrandize which must be a
principal aim with him. But the very fact that the self is the object of
our schemes and endeavors makes it a centre of mental disturbance: its
suggestions are of effort, responsibility, doubt, hope, and fear. Just
as a man cannot enjoy the grass and trees in his own grounds with quite
the peace and freedom that he can those abroad, because they remind him
of improvements that he ought to make and the like; so any part of the
self is, in its nature, likely to be suggestive of exertion rather than
rest. Moreover, it would seem that self-feeling, though pleasant in
normal duration and intensity, is disagreeable in excess, like any other
sort of feeling. One reason why we get tired of ourselves is simply that
we have exhausted our capacity for experiencing with pleasure a certain
kind of emotion.
As we have seen, the self that is most importunate is a reflection,
largely, from the minds of others. This phase of self is related to
character very much as credit is related to the gold and other
securities upon which it rests. It easily and willingly expands, in most
of us, and is liable to sudden, irrational, and grievous collapses. We
live on, cheerful, self-confident, conscious of helping make the world
go round, until in some rude hour we learn that we do not stand so well
as we thought we did, that the image of us is tarnished. Perhaps we do
something, quite naturally, that we find the social order is set
against, or perhaps it is the ordinary course of our life that is not so
well regarded as we supposed. At any rate, we find with a chill of
terror that the world is cold and strange, and that our self-esteem,
self-confidence, and hope, being chiefly founded upon opinions,
attributed to others, go down in the crash. Our reason may tell us that
we are no less worthy than we were before, but dread and doubt do not
permit us to believe it. The sensitive mind will certainly suffer,
because of the instability of opinion. _Cadit cum labili._ As social
beings we live with our eyes upon our reflection, but have no assurance
of the tranquillity of the waters in which we see it. In the days of
witchcraft it used to be believed that if one person secretly made a
waxen image of another and stuck pins into the image, its counterpart
would suffer tortures, and that if the image was melted the person would
die. This superstition is almost realized in the relation between the
private self and its social reflection. They seem separate but are
darkly united, and what is done to the one is done to the other.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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