Human nature and the social orderCooley, Charles Horton
Science
Human nature and the social order
Cooley, Charles Horton
Individualism; Social psychology; Sociology
Thus we seldom feel keenly that our acts are wrong until we perceive
that they arouse some sort of resentment in others, and whatever selfish
aggression we can practise without arousing resistance, we presently
come to look upon as a matter of course. Judging the matter from my own
consciousness and experience, I have no belief in the theory that
non-resistance has, as a rule, a mollifying influence upon the
aggressor. I do not wish people to turn me the other cheek when I smite
them, because, in most cases, that has a bad effect upon me. I am soon
used to submission and may come to think no more of the unresisting
sufferer than I do of the sheep whose flesh I eat at dinner. Neither, on
the other hand, am I helped by extravagant and accusatory opposition;
that is likely to put me into a state of unreasoning anger. But it is
good for us that everyone should maintain his rights, and the rights of
others with whom he sympathizes, exhibiting a just and firm resentment
against any attempt to tread upon them. A consciousness, based on
experience, that the transgression of moral standards will arouse
resentment in the minds of those whose opinion we respect, is a main
force in the upholding of such standards.
But the doctrine of non-resistance, like all ideas that have appealed to
good minds, has a truth wrapped up in it, notwithstanding what appears
to be its flagrant absurdity. What the doctrine really means, as taught
in the New Testament and by many individuals and societies in our own
day, is perhaps no more than this, that we should discard the coarser
weapons of resistance for the finer, and threaten a moral resentment
instead of blows or lawsuits. It is quite true that we can best combat
what we regard as evil in another person of ordinary sensibility by
attacking the higher phases of his self rather than the lower. If a man
appears to be about to do something brutal or dishonest, we may either
encounter him on his present low plane of life by knocking him down or
calling a policeman, or we may try to work upon his higher consciousness
by giving him to understand that we feel sure a person of his
self-respect and good repute will not degrade himself, but that if
anything so improbable and untoward should occur, he must, of course,
expect the disappointment and contempt of those who before thought well
of him. In other words, we threaten, as courteously as possible, his
social self. This method is often much more efficient than the other, is
morally edifying instead of degrading, and is practised by men of
address who make no claim to unusual virtue.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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