Human nature and the social orderCooley, Charles Horton
Science
Human nature and the social order
Cooley, Charles Horton
Individualism; Social psychology; Sociology
The question of right and wrong, as it presents itself to any particular
mind, is, then, a question of the completest practicable organization of
the impulses with which that mind finds itself compelled to deal. The
working out of the right conclusion may be compared to the process by
which a deliberative body comes to a conclusion upon some momentous
public measure. Time must be given for all the more important passions,
prejudices, traditions, interests, and the like, to be urged upon the
members with such cogency as their advocates can give them, and for
attempts to harmonize these conflicting forces so that a measure can be
framed which the body can be induced to pass. And when a decision is
finally reached there is a sense of relief, the greater in proportion as
the struggle has been severe, and a tendency, even on the part of the
opposition, to regard the matter as settled. Those people who cannot
achieve moral unity, but have always a sense of two personalities
warring within them, may be compared to certain countries in whose
assemblies political parties are so embittered that they never come to
an understanding with one another.
The mental process is, of course, only the proximate source of the idea
of right, the conflict by which the competitive strength of the various
impulses is measured, and some combination of them achieved; behind it
is the whole history of the race and of the individual, in which
impulses are rooted. Instinctive passions, like love, ambition, and
revenge; the momentum of habit, the need of change, personal
ascendencies, and the like, all have their bearing upon the final
synthesis, and must either be conciliated or suppressed. Thus in case of
a strong passion, like revenge let us say, one of two things is pretty
sure to happen; either it will succeed in getting its revengeful
impulse, more or less disguised perhaps, judged as right; or, if
opposing ideas prove stronger, revenge will be kept under by the rise of
an intense feeling of wrong that associates itself with it. If one
observes that a person has a very vivid sense of the wrong of some
particular impulse, one may usually infer that he has had in some way to
contend with it; either as a temptation in his own mind, or as
injuriously manifested in the conduct of others.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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