Human nature and the social orderCooley, Charles Horton
Science
Human nature and the social order
Cooley, Charles Horton
Individualism; Social psychology; Sociology
The same analysis applies to the whole question of responsibility or
irresponsibility. It is a matter of imaginative contact and personal
idea. To hold a man responsible, is to imagine him as a man like
ourselves, having similar impulses but failing to control them as we do,
or at least as we feel we ought to do. We think of doing as he does,
find it wrong, and impute the wrong to him. The irresponsible person is
one who is looked upon as a different sort of being, not human with
reference to the conduct in question, not imaginable, not near enough to
us to be the object of hostile sentiment. We _blame_ the former; that
is, we visit him with a sympathetic resentment; we condemn that part of
ourselves that we find in him. But in the latter we do not find
ourselves at all.
It is worth noting in this connection, that we could not altogether
cease to blame others without ceasing to blame ourselves, which would
mean moral apathy. It is sometimes thought that the cool analysis of
such questions as this tends toward indifferentism; but I do not see
that this is the case. The social psychologist finds in moral sentiment
a central and momentous fact of human life, and if perchance he does not
himself feel it very vividly, he should have the candor to confess
himself so much the less a man. Indeed, if there is such a thing as an
indifferentist, in the sense of one who does not feel any cogency in
moral sentiment, he must be quite unsuited to the pursuit of social or
moral science, because he lacks power to sympathize with, and so
observe, the facts upon which this sort of science must be based.
I do not purpose to give this discussion a practical turn by entering
into the details of the treatment of various forms of degeneracy; but it
may help to show the bearing of our general view, if I point out in
brief the line of procedure which common-sense would seem to call for.
This procedure naturally divides itself into prevention, reform or cure,
and isolation, according to the stage of development which the evil has
reached.
Everything which acts in a favorable manner upon either the hereditary
or the social factor in life is more or less preventive of degeneracy,
and of course influences of this general sort are of far more importance
as a whole than any more particular measures. Under the head of
prevention would also come punishment, disgrace, and the like—everything
in the treatment of criminals, paupers, and other special classes which
is designed to impress the minds of the rest of the people, and to check
the degenerate tendencies possibly existing among them. Although it is
now thought that the efficacy of these deterrent influences, in the case
of crime at least, is less than was formerly supposed, still it is by no
means desirable that the attempt to exert them should be abandoned.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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