Definition of Periods--Passage from Pliocene to Quaternary--Scarcity of Human Remains in Tertiary--Denudation--Evidence from Caves wanting--Tertiary Man a necessary inference from widespread existence of Quaternary Man--Both equally inconsistent with Genesis--Was the first great Glaciation Pliocene or Quaternary?--Section of Perrier--Confirms Croll's Theory--Elephas Meridionalis--Mammoth--St. Prest--Cut Bones--Instances of Tertiary Man--Halitherium--Balæonotus--Puy-Courny--Thenay--Evidence for--Proofs of Human Agency--Latest Conclusions--Gaudry's Theory--Dryopithecus--Type of Tertiary Man--Skeleton of Castelnedolo--Shows no approach to the Missing Link--Contrary to Theory of Evolution--Must be sought in the Eocene--Evidence from the New World--Glacial Period in America--Palæolithic Implements--Quaternary Man--Similar to Europe--California--Conditions different--Auriferous Gravels--Volcanic Eruptions--Enormous Denudation--Great Antiquity--Flora and Fauna--Point to Tertiary Age--Discovery of Human Remains--Table Mountain--Latest Finds--Calaveras Skull--Summary of Evidence--Other Evidence--Tuolumne--Brazil--Buenos Ayres--Nampa Images--Take us farther from First Origins and the Missing Link--If Darwin's Theory applies to Man, must go back to the Eocene 343 CHAPTER XII. RACES OF MANKIND. Monogeny or Polygeny--Darwin--Existing Races--Colour--Hair--Skulls and Brains--Dolichocephali and Brachycephali--Jaws and Teeth--Stature--Other Tests--Isaac Taylor--Prehistoric Types in Europe--Huxley's Classification--Language no Test of Race--Egyptian Monuments--Human and Animal Races unchanged for 6000 years--Neolithic Races--Palæolithic--Different Races of Man as far back as we can trace--Types of Canstadt, Cro-Magnon, and Furfooz--Oldest Races Dolichocephalic--Skulls of Neanderthal and Spy--Simian Characters--Objections--Evidence confined to Europe--American Man--Calaveras Skull--Tertiary Man--Skull of Castelnedolo--Leaves Monogeny or Polygeny an open Question--Arguments on each side--Old Arguments from the Bible and Philology exploded--What Darwinian Theory requires--Animal Types traced up to the Eocene--Secondary Origins--Dog and Horse--Fertility of Races--Question of Hybridity--Application to Man--Difference of Constitutions--Negro and White--Bearing on Question of Migration--Apes and Monkeys--Question of Original Locality of Man--Asiatic Theory--Eur-African--American--Arctic--None based on sufficient Evidence--Mere Speculations--Conclusion--Summary of Evidence as to Human Origins 391 ILLUSTRATIONS TABLET OF SNEFURA AT WADY MAGERAH 17 SPECIMEN OF HIEROGLYPHIC ALPHABET 19 PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH AND SPHYNX 24