[6] Habermas, Jurgen. _Knowledge and Human Interest_, (trans. J. Shapiro.) Boston: Beacon Press, 1971. CONTENTS PART ONE THEORETICAL ROOTS 1 1 Humanistic Nursing Practice Theory 3 2 Foundations of Humanistic Nursing 11 3 Humanistic Nursing: A Lived Dialogue 21 4 Phenomenon of Community 37 PART TWO METHODOLOGY--A PROCESS OF BEING 49 5 Toward a Responsible Free Research Nurse in the Health Arena 51 6 The Logic of a Phenomenological Methodology 65 7 A Phenomenological Approach to Humanistic Nursing Theory 77 8 Humanistic Nursing and Art 85 9 A Heuristic Culmination 95 Appendix 113 Glossary 121 Bibliography 123 Index 127 {1} Part 1 THEORETICAL ROOTS {2} {3} 1 HUMANISTIC NURSING PRACTICE THEORY Substantively this chapter introduces two aspects of the humanistic nursing practice theory: first, what this theory proposes and, second, how the proposals of the theory evolved. Concisely, humanistic nursing practice theory proposes that nurses consciously and deliberately approach nursing as an existential experience. Then, they reflect on the experience and phenomenologically describe the calls they receive, their responses, and what they come to know from their presence in the nursing situation. It is believed that compilation and complementary syntheses of these phenomenological descriptions over time will build and make explicit a science of nursing. HUMANISTIC NURSING: ITS MEANING Nursing is an experience lived between human beings. Each nursing situation reciprocally evokes and affects the expression and manifestations of these human beings' capacity for and condition of existence. In a nurse this implies a responsibility for the condition of herself or being. The term "humanistic nursing" was selected thoughtfully to designate this theoretical pursuit to reaffirm and floodlight this responsible characteristic as fundamentally inherent to all artful-scientific nursing. Humanistic nursing embraces more than a benevolent technically competent subject-object one-way relationship guided by a nurse in behalf of another. Rather it dictates that nursing is a responsible searching, transactional relationship whose meaningfulness demands conceptualization founded on a nurse's existential awareness of self and of the other. {4} EXISTENTIAL EXPERIENCE Uniqueness--Otherness