IX. _Old Pictures in Florence._ 1. Michael Angelo (1475-1564). A Florentine master in painting, sculpture, and architecture. No other single person ever so dominated art as he, with his Italian “terribilita”, or stormy energy of conception, and his great dramatic power. 2. Raphael (1483-1520). A master of combined draughtsmanship, coloring, and graceful composition; popular and unexcelled in versatility. 3. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). The earliest of the great masters of the High Renaissance, and the first to completely master anatomy and technique. 4. Cavaliere Dello (c. 1404-c. 1464). An unimportant Florentine painter of frescoes. 5. Stefano (1324?-1357?). Called the “Ape of Nature” because he followed her closely in an age of unrealistic painting. 6. Cimabue (1240-c. 1302). The first painter of importance in the revival of that art, the one who formed its first principles, though he owed something to the Pisan sculptors. 7. Ghirlandajo (1449-1494). Good in his general attainment but lacking in originality, and remembered for one famous pupil--Michael Angelo. 8. Sandro (Botticelli) (1444-1510). A Florentine painter, imbued with a strain of fantasy, mysticism, and allegory. 9. Lippino (1460-1505). The son of Fra Lippo Lippi, a painter of considerable skill, the first to introduce detail in antique costumes. 10. Fra Angelico (1387-1455). A holy, self-denying painter of faces that showed a “sexless religiosity.” 11. Lorenzo Monaco (1370-1425). A Florentine monk and painter of much religious sentiment. 12. Pollajolo (1429-1498). An important painter whose works show brutality, but who was a close student of muscular anatomy. 13. Baldovinetti (1427-1499). A Florentine; one of a group of scientific realists and naturalists. 14. Margheritone (c. 1236-1289). An early Tuscan painter whose work shows the stiffness and crude color of the Byzantine artists. 15. Carlo Dolci (1616-1686). An unimportant Florentine painter of careful workmanship and religious sentimentality. 16. Giotto (1267?-1337). A painter and architect, the real humanizer of painting. 17. Andrea Orgagna (1308-1368). A Florentine painter and artist in other lines as well. 18. Taddeo Gaddi (c. 1300-1366). Painter and architect. X. _In Three Days._ 1. General reference to early art.