ARBUTHNOT, JOHN, physician, born 1675, died 1735. Associate of Pope and Swift, and wrote on ancient measures, weights, and coins. ARISTOTLE, philosopher, the Stagirite, born B.C. 384, died 332. Tutor of Alexander the Great. ARRIANUS, Greek historian, resided at Rome in the second century, a disciple of Epictetus, died _circa_ A.D. 160. ATHENÆUS, grammarian, born in Egypt in the third century. ATTALUS, King of Pergamus, died B.C. 197. AUGUSTUS, first Roman Emperor, born B.C. 63, grandnephew of Julius Cæsar, died A.D. 14. CÆSAR, CAIUS JULIUS, B.C. 100–44, Roman warrior and administrator, known to every schoolboy from his _Commentaries_. CAMILLUS, MARCUS FURIUS, died B.C. 365, Roman warrior, six times military tribune and five times dictator. CARACALLA, brother of Geta, whom he murdered A.D. 212. CATALINA, LUCIUS SERGIUS (Catiline), died B.C. 62, noted for his depraved habits and his conspiracy that drew from Cicero his famous orations. CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS, surnamed from Utica, his birthplace, Uticensis, died B.C. 46. CATO, the elder, born B.C. 234, died 149, noted for his courage and temperance. CICERO, MARCUS TULLIUS, Roman orator, born B.C. 106, died 43. CLAUDIUS, Roman Emperor, born B.C. 9, died A.D. 54. Visited Britain A.D. 43. CLEOMENES, King of Sparta, died B.C. 220. CLODIUS, enemy of Cicero, died B.C. 52. Used to go about Rome with an intimidating band of gladiators. COLUMELLA, native of Spain, resided at Rome in the reign of Claudius, A.D. 41–54. COMMODUS, Roman Emperor, son of Marcus Aurelius, born A.D. 161, died 192. CTESIPHON. In his defence Demosthenes delivered his famous oration “On the Crown” in B.C. 330. DEMETRIUS PHALEREUS, Greek orator and statesman, born B.C. 345, died _circa_ 283. DEMOSTHENES, Greek orator, B.C. 385–322, whose speeches against the encroachments of Philip of Macedon have given the general term “philippics” to powerful invective. DION CASSIUS, _circa_ 200–250, wrote history of Rome in Greek. DIONYSIUS HALICARNASSÆUS, Greek rhetorician and historian, born B.C. 29, died B.C. 7. Chief work, _Roman Archæology_. DIONYSIUS, the elder, tyrant of Syracuse, B.C. 430–367; besides being a warrior, was a patron of literary men and artists. Built Lautumiæ, the famous prison, called also the “Ear of Dionysius.” DIODORUS SICULUS, wrote a universal history, flourished _circa_ B.C. 50. DRUSUS, Roman consul, born B.C. 38. EPAMINONDAS, Theban statesman and general, died B.C. 362. FLORUS, Roman historian, lived in the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian. FOLARD, JEAN CHARLES, military tactician, born at Avignon 1669, died 1752, published an edition of _Polybius_. GARCILASSO DE LA VEGA, called the Inca because descended from the royal family of Peru (1530–1620), wrote _History of Peru_ and _History of Florida_. GEE, JOSHUA, eighteenth-century London merchant, wrote _Trade and Navigation of Great Britain_ (1730).