GERMANICUS, son of Nero, died A.D. 19, aged 34. GETA, second son of Emperor Severus, born A.D. 189, died 212. GUICCIARDINI, FRANCISCO, Italian historian (1482–1540). HANNIBAL, great Carthaginian general, born B.C. 247, died 183. HELIOGABALUS, Roman emperor, born _circa_ A.D. 205, died 222. HERODIAN, flourished in the third century, wrote in Greek a history of the period from the death of Marcus Aurelius to 238. HESIOD, one of the earliest Greek poets, supposed to have flourished in the eighth century B.C. “Works and Days” is his best known poem. HIERO II., King of Syracuse, died B.C. 215, aged 92. Archimedes lived in his reign. HIRTIUS, Roman consul, contemporary with Cæsar and Cicero; is said to be the author of the eighth book of Cæsar’s _Commentaries_. HYPERIDES, Athenian orator, died B.C. 322, disciple of Plato. ISOCRATES, Greek orator, born B.C. 436, died 338. JUSTIN, a Latin historian, lived in second or third century, epitomized _Historiæ Philippicæ of Trogus Pompeius, a native of Gaul_. LIVIUS, TITUS (Livy), historian of Rome (B.C. 59–17). Of his 142 books, only 35 have been preserved. LONGINUS, DIONYSIUS, Greek philosopher, died B.C. 273. His extensive knowledge earned him the title of “The living library.” LUCIAN, Greek writer, lived in the time of Marcus Aurelius. LYCURGUS, Spartan lawgiver, whose severe regulations made the Spartans a race of warriors, is said to have flourished in the ninth century B.C. LYSIAS, Greek orator, born B.C. 458, died 373, wrote 230 orations, of which only 35 remain. MACHIAVELLI, Florentine statesman and historian, born 1469, died 1527. MAILLET, French writer, born 1656, died 1738, consul in Egypt and at Leghorn. MARTIAL, Roman poet, born A.D. 43. MASSINISSA, King of Numidia, born B.C. 238, died 148. MAZARIN, JULES, cardinal, and first minister of Louis XIV. (1602–61). NABIS, Spartan tyrant, died B.C. 192, noted for his cruelty. NERO, Roman emperor, born A.D. 37, died 67. OCTAVIUS, became Emperor Augustus. OVIDIUS PUBLIUS NASO (Ovid), Roman poet, B.C. 43–A.D. 18, enjoyed the patronage of Augustus until banished A.D. 8. Chief works—_Amores_, _De Arte Amandi_, _Fasti_. PATERCULUS, Roman historian, born _circa_ B.C. 19, died A.D. 31. PAUSANIAS, Greek writer, flourished _circa_ A.D. 120–140. PERSEUS, or PERSES, last King of Macedonia. Ascended the throne B.C. 178. PESCENIUS NIGER, became Roman Emperor in 193. PETRONIUS, died A.D. 66, Roman author, lived at the court of Nero, and acquired celebrity for his licentiousness. PHILIP of Macedon, born 382, assassinated 336. PLATO, born B.C. 429, died 347. PLAUTUS, Roman comedy writer, born _circa_ B.C. 255, died 184. PLINY. There were two Plinys—one born A.D. 23, the other, nephew of the preceding, A.D. 62. The former was a naturalist; the latter a pleader and soldier, whose chief writings are his account of the Christians and _Epistles_.