Humphry Davy, Poet and PhilosopherThorpe, T. E. (Thomas Edward)
Science
Humphry Davy, Poet and Philosopher
Thorpe, T. E. (Thomas Edward)
Davy, Humphry, Sir, 1778-1829
“From all the facts that have been stated, there is every reason
to consider this new substance as _an undecompounded body_. In
its specific gravity, lustre, colour, and the high number in
which it enters into combination, it resembles the metals; but
in all its chemical agencies it is more analogous to oxygen and
chlorine; it is a non-conductor of electricity, and possesses,
like these bodies, the negative electrical energy with respect
to metals, inflammable and alkaline substances, and hence when
combined with these substances in aqueous solution and electrized
in the voltaic circuit, it separates at the positive surface; but
it has a positive energy with respect to chlorine.... It agrees
with chlorine and fluorine in forming acids with hydrogen.
“The name _ione_ has been proposed in France for this new
substance from its colour in the gaseous state, from ῐον, viola;
and its combination with hydrogen has been named _hydroionic
acid_. The name _ione_, in English, would lead to confusion, for
its compounds would be called _ionic_ and _ionian_. By terming it
_iodine_, from ἱώδης violaceous, this confusion will be avoided,
and the name will be more analogous to chlorine and fluorine.”
The rapidity with which Davy ascertained the properties and relations
of the new substance was characteristic of him. A fortnight’s
work--done partly at his hotel and partly in the laboratory of the
young Chevreul, amidst a succession of interruptions caused by fêtes,
levées, and visits of ceremony--sufficed to accumulate the material for
his Royal Society paper, in which he gives with unerring precision, in
spite of the small quantity of the matter at his disposal, the broad
outlines of the chemistry of iodine. The paper shows him at his best:
he seems to have seized, as if by instinct, upon the central fact of
the analogy of iodine to chlorine, and he worked out the clue with a
perspicacity and insight worthy of his genius.
As may be surmised, Davy’s action hardly contributed to his popularity
with a certain section of the _savants_ of Paris. Gay Lussac and
Thenard were extremely angry with Ampère and Clement for having given
him the material for his investigation, and the feeling broke out after
the publication of Gay Lussac’s memoir in the Annales de Chimie in
1814. Davy in a note published in the Journal of the Royal Institution
says:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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