We close our study of mediaeval hymnody with a story about St. Gall. St. Gall is a very remarkable old monastery. Men of quite different minds and dispositions got along very amicably under the Benedictine rule at St. Gall. Among its one hundred monks there were in the ninth century four monks whose names were well known throughout the Western Church, namely, the learned Ratpert, the enthusiastic Notker, the highly gifted and greatly admired artist Tutilo, and the unrivalled hand-printer of books, Sintram, whose very beautiful handwriting was greatly admired throughout Europe. Ratpert, a stern educator, never sparing the rod, and not deeply interested in his devotional exercises—a great scholar. Notker Balbulus (stammerer), the saint-like, ascetic tune-writer and plant specialist, who had strange visions and lived in another world—a dreamer. Then there was also the ingenious, humorous Tutilo. These three monks were as different as three highly gifted persons could be, and yet they were always as one soul. Ratpert respected Tutilo’s fine scholarship; at night they were often found with Notker Balbulus in the writing-room, comparing and improving the works that Sintram was about to copy. Notker who wrote many fine hymn tunes, wanted them sung by Tutilo who was a good singer and clever performer upon several musical instruments. Tutilo wrote several excellent hymn tunes, and he also produced several noble hymns of which the most popular are Hodie cantandus, Viri Galilei, and Gaudete et cantate. Notker’s genuine affection for Tutilo was not disturbed by Tutilo’s good-natured submission to unreasonable monastic regulations, which Notker regarded as symbolically significant. The Benedictine regulations were meant for the monasteries of southern Italy, and did not suit the convent of St. Gall very well. A midday nap was one of the Benedictine regulations, and so the monks of St. Gall had to retire and sleep two or three hours at midday every day. The Benedictine rule prescribed a diet of fish, fruit and vegetables—the usual diet of southern Italy. But fish and fruit were difficult to secure at St. Gall; meat, which was plentiful, was forbidden. And so the diet of St. Gall consisted mainly of pulse and pap. Notker who was the guardian of the discipline of the monastery, never had an occasion to bring up any reproach against Tutilo. Tutilo observed the midday nap, and flavoured with merriment the monotonous diet which maintained his splendid mortal clay. SECTION V LUTHERAN HYMNOLOGY 1520—