_Peziza repanda_ Persoon has been discussed in detail above (p. 200); its close relatives _P. petersii_ Berkeley & Curtis (brown with grey tints and with spores finely warted and measuring 10-12 × 5-6 µm), _P. praetervisa_ Bresadola (violet or mauve and with spores finely warted and measuring 11-13 × 6-8 µm), _P. violacea_ Persoon (dark violet with smooth spores measuring 13-15 × 7-9 µm) and _P. echinospora_ Karsten (dark chocolate brown with spores densely warted and 14-18 × 7-10 µm in size) all grow on the sites of old bonfires or around charred root stumps. _Rhizina undulata_ also found by charred stumps has been described on p. 203. These are large to medium sized disc-fungi, but there are many much smaller species which cannot be dealt with here, such as species of _Anthracobia_ and _Trichophaea_. Pyrenomycetes are also found on charred wood and soil. Probably the commonest species of fungus met with is a pale reddish orange to rose-pink disc-fungus seated on a white mycelial mat; this is _Pyronema omphalodes_ (St Amans) Fuckel. _Morchella esculenta_ St Amans and _M. elata_ Fries (see p. 200) appear to grow on the sites of garden bonfires or where cinders have been spread on the soil surface. The stimulus for fruiting appears to be due to the release of mineral nutrients during the process of burning. Competition from other fungi appears to be reduced so rapid colonisation by the bonfire fungi (carbonicoles) after the period of sterilisation ensures their development. Many similar fungi were found about bomb- and shell-craters on the continent during the two World Wars. One microscope fungus, however, must be mentioned when considering bonfires and that is _Neurospora sitophila_ Shear & Dodge so much used in genetical studies. It can be found as the conidial state on burnt soil and is called ‘Baker’s mould’ because it is frequently found growing on refuse in the hot moist conditions of bakers’ kitchens. [Illustration: Plate 74. Fungi of bonfire-sites] (iii) Fungi of bogs and marshes (a) _Sphagnum_ bogs ~Hypholoma elongatum~ (Fries) Ricken _Cap_: width 12-20 mm. _Stem_: width 3-5 mm; length 50-80 mm. _Description_: Plate 75. Cap: bell-shaped but rapidly expanding to become plane, honey-yellow with a greyish green tint, slightly striate at the margin and also with a few remnants of a fibrillose veil when very young, but these are soon lost. Stem: slender, smooth, whitish at the apex and yellow-brown or honey-yellow below. Gills: adnate and distant, pale ochraceous honey-yellow then lilaceous grey and finally sepia. Flesh: yellowish in the cap, red-brown in the stem and lacking a distinct smell. Spore-print: purplish brown. Spores: long, ellipsoid, fairly thick-walled, olivaceous brown under the microscope and with a small germ-pore, smooth and 10-12 × 6-7 µm in size. Marginal cystidia: flask-shaped and hyaline.