_Description_: Plate 7. Cap: yellow-ochre or dull yellow becoming paler with age, or flushed faintly greyish green, convex but soon expanding and becoming flat or depressed in the centre, smooth, or granular when young and slightly tacky in wet weather, faintly striate at the margin. Stem: white at first then flushed slightly greyish, smooth or wrinkled, firm at first but quickly becoming soft and fragile. Flesh: brittle, firm at first then soft, white, yellow under cap-centre. Gills: white at first then flushed pale cream-colour, brittle, adnexed to free, rather distant. Spore-print: faintly cream when freshly prepared. Spores: medium-sized, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid or subglobose to almost globose, coarsely ornamented with prominent warts which stain blue-black when mounted in solutions containing iodine and which are faintly interconnected by low ridges, about 8 × 7 µm in size (9-10 × 7-8 µm). Marginal cystidia: prominent, lance- to spindle-shaped and often filled with oily material. Facial cystidia: similar in shape to marginal cystidia and projecting some distance from the gill-face. _Habitat_ & _Distribution_: Commonly found in mixed woods from summer until late autumn. _General Information_: Easily recognised by the ochre-yellow cap, very pale cream-coloured spore-print and greying stem. Two other yellow-capped species of Russula are commonly found. R. claroflava Grove with yellow spore-print and blackening fruit-body which grows with birches in boggy places, and R. lutea (Fries) S. F. Gray which is much smaller, having a cap up to 50 mm and very deep egg-yellow gills and spore-print; it grows in deciduous woods. _Illustrations_: F 22a; Hvass 226; LH 119; NB 137¹; WD 49¹. General notes on the genus _Russula_ A large genus with nearly one hundred distinct species in the British Isles and several others yet unrecognised or undocumented. This genus is composed generally of large toadstools often beautifully coloured, indeed the majority have brightly coloured caps in reds, purples, yellows or greens depending on the species although a few are predominantly white bruising reddish brown or grey to some degree. Such large and distinctive fungi one would think would be the easiest members of our flora to identify, unfortunately they are not. They form a group quite isolated in their relations, the only close relatives being members of the genus _Lactarius_, to be dealt with later (see p. 50). The flesh of members of both _Lactarius_ and _Russula_ contains groups of rounded cells, a feature unique amongst agarics and explains why in _Russula_ the fruit-bodies, cap and gills and sometimes the stem are brittle and easily break if crushed between the fingers. The fruit-body does not exude a milky liquid when the flesh is broken.