[Illustration: Southern Red Oak/_Quercus falcata_] Cherrybark Oak _Quercus falcata_ var. _pagodaefolia_ Ell. [Illustration: silhouette] Bark dark gray to gray-black consisting of appressed scales in narrow flat ridges with shallow furrows. Branches stout, spreading to ascending. Twigs 2 to 4 mm in diameter, reddish, lightly fluted. Buds ovoid, 10 to 15 mm long, angled, scales pubescent with dark margins. Leaves alternate, tardily deciduous, persisting into December, simple, oval to oblong, 12 to 20 cm long, 7 to 8 cm wide; with 5 to 11 lobes, major lobes opposite each other, large rounded sinuses extending nearly to the midrib, margin entire with occasional bristle-tipped teeth near the apex of the lobes, dark green above, permanently pubescent below, sometimes thinly so, varying from white to rust color, especially on drying. Flowers as in _Q. falcata_. Fruit an acorn broader than tall; cups 12 to 15 mm wide; nut about 8 to 10 mm long, subglobose, flattened at base, rounded at apex. [Illustration: Cherrybark Oak/_Quercus falcata_ var. _pagodaefolia_] Black Oak _Quercus velutina_ Lam. [Illustration: silhouette] Bark brownish-black on older trees, with thick, broad scaly ridges and deep furrows; inner bark yellow-orange—the only American oak with this feature. Branches stout, spreading to ascending. Twigs about 5 mm in diameter, reddish brown to dark brown, lightly fluted. Buds ovoid, 10 to 15 mm long, lateral buds sharply angled, scales ciliate, margin dark. Leaves alternate, deciduous, simple; membranous in seedlings and saplings to somewhat leathery in the middle to upper crown; lower leaves broadly elliptic to obovate, 15 to 30 cm long, 10 to 15 cm wide, entire to faintly lobed; middle-crown leaves 10 to 20 cm long, 10 to 15 cm wide, distinctly 5 to 9 lobed with broad rounded sinuses with apical bristles on each lobe; upper-crown leaves oblong to obovate, 8 to 20 cm long, 8 to 15 cm wide; dark shiny green above, yellow scurfy pubescence on young leaves of middle and upper crown, petioles 4 to 6 cm long, yellow to reddish. Flowers unisexual; staminate catkins 7 to 15 cm long; pistillate on short tomentose peduncles. Fruit an oval to obovoid acorn 10 to 25 mm long; cup cup-shaped to conical enclosing about one-half of the nut. [Illustration: Black Oak/_Quercus velutina_] Scarlet Oak _Quercus coccinea_ Muenchh. [Illustration: silhouette]