Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). A carat character is used to denote superscription: a single character or bracketed group following the carat is superscripted (examples: xviij^o S^{te}). Images of the original plates are available through Internet Archive. See https://archive.org/details/illuminatedmanu00midd * * * * * ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS IN CLASSICAL AND MEDIAEVAL TIMES, THEIR ART AND THEIR TECHNIQUE BY J. HENRY MIDDLETON, SLADE PROFESSOR OF FINE ART, DIRECTOR OF THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM, AND FELLOW OF KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; AUTHOR OF "ANCIENT ROME IN 1888", "THE ENGRAVED GEMS OF CLASSICAL TIMES" &c. CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS: 1892 [_All Rights reserved._] TABLE OF CONTENTS. PREFACE AND LIST OF AUTHORITIES. Page xiii to xix. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page xxi to xxiv. CHAPTER I. Page 1 to 10. CLASSICAL MANUSCRIPTS WRITTEN WITH A STILUS. Survival of classical methods in mediaeval times; epigraphy and palaeography; manuscripts on metal plates; lead rolls; tin rolls; gold amulets; Petelia tablet; waxed tablets and diptychs; tablets shown on gems and coins; tablets found in tombs; tablets from Pompeii; Consular diptychs; many-leaved tablets; the form of the waxed tablets; whitened boards used by the Greeks; late survival of tablets; "bidding the beads;" lists of members of guilds; wooden book in Norway; ivory tablets and diptychs; inscribed Anglo-Saxon lead tablet; "horn-books." CHAPTER II. Page 11 to 30. CLASSICAL MANUSCRIPTS WRITTEN WITH PEN AND INK. Two forms of manuscripts, the roll and the codex; Egyptian Books of the Dead; Book of Ani; existing manuscripts on papyrus; the library of papyrus rolls found at Herculaneum; Herodotus on manuscripts; use of parchment; manuscripts on linen; inscribed potsherds or _ostraka_; manuscripts on leaves of trees; Greek libraries; Roman libraries; a list of the public libraries in Rome; Roman library fittings and decorations; recently discovered library in Rome; authors' portraits; closed bookcases; booksellers' quarter; cost of Roman books; slave scribes; librarii of Rome. The technique of ancient manuscripts; parchment and vellum; palimpsests; papyrus manuscripts; process of making papyrus paper; use of papyrus in Greece and Rome; ancient papyrus manuscripts; the qualities of papyrus paper; the form of papyrus rolls; the wooden roller; inscribed titles; coloured inks; use of cedar oil; black carbon ink, its manufacture and price; red inks and rubrics; purple ink; double inkstands; pens of reeds and of metal; Egyptian scribes' palettes, pen-cases, and pens. CHAPTER III. Page 31 to 44. CLASSICAL ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS.