[51] See Janitschek, _Die künstlerische Ausstattung des Ada-Evangeliars und die Karolingische Buchmalerei_; fol. Leipzig, 1889. [52] See Weidmann, _Geschichte der Bibliothek von St Gallen_, 8vo, St Gall, 1841. [53] See J. R. Rahn, _Das Psalterium Aureum von St Gallen, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Karolingischen Miniaturmalerei_, folio, St Gall, 1878. [54] An excellent edition with 72 facsimiles of Villard de Honecourt's _Album_ or sketch-book was produced by Professor Willis, London, 1859; it is superior to the French edition issued by J. B. Lassus, Paris, 1858. [55] See L. Delisle, _L'Evangéliaire d'Arras et la calligraphie Franco-Saxonne du IX^{me} siècle_, 8vo, Paris, 1888. [56] Earlier that is than the conversion of the Saxon conquerors; to some extent a Romano-British Church had been established in Britain during the period of Roman domination, but this native Church appears to have been almost wholly eradicated by the Saxon Conquest. [57] Celtic manuscripts of all periods are well illustrated by Westwood, _Miniatures and Ornaments of Anglo-Saxon and Irish Manuscripts_, London, 1868; see also Westwood, _Palaeographia Sacra Pictoria_, 1843-5, and the companion volume, _Illuminated Illustrations of the Bible_, 1846. [58] Tara was the ancient inland capital of Ireland before Dublin was founded by the Viking pirates. [59] The Irish monasteries of this date appear, frequently at least, to have consisted of a group of a dozen or more separate wooden huts or stone "bee-hive" cells, with one small central chapel of rectangular plan; the whole being enclosed within a wooden fence or a stone circuit wall, in which there was only one door of approach; see _Arch. Jour._ XV. p. 1 seq. [60] For example, in an early Cashel _Kalendar_ the monk Dagaeus, who died in 586, is recorded to have been both a goldsmith (_aurifex_) and an illuminator of manuscripts. Westwood, _Miniatures in Irish Manuscripts_, gives a number of excellent coloured reproductions of illuminations of this school and also of the Anglo-Celtic school of Northumbria. [61] It was formerly believed that this manuscript had once belonged to Saint Columba, who lived from 521 to 597, but it is shown by the internal evidence of its style to be a century later than Saint Columba's time. [62] See Westwood, _Irish Manuscripts_, Plate 9. [63] See fig. 13 on page 67. [64] When the grave of Saint Cuthbert in Durham Cathedral was opened in 1827, it was found that the Saint's body had been wrapped in rich Siculo-Arab silk of the eleventh century at the time when his body was moved, in 1104 A.D. See Raine, _St Cuthbert_, Durham, 1828, p. 183 seq. [65] Library of Trinity College, Dublin, manuscripts A, iv. 5.