[82] This very decorative class of ornament not only survived till the thirteenth century but was again revived in Italy at the close of the fifteenth century; see below, page 193. [83] It is mentioned above, see page 62, how Alcuin of York in the reign of Charles the Great created the Anglo-Carolingian style of illumination by introducing in the eighth century into the kingdom of the Franks manuscripts and manuscript illuminators from the monasteries of Northumbria. [84] Canon G. F. Browne tells me that it is very doubtful whether Wilfrid ever received the _pall_ from Rome. It may therefore be more correct to speak of him as Bishop rather than Archbishop of York. [85] The word "Anglo-Saxon" is a convenient one to use, and is supported by various ancient authorities; for example in a manuscript _Benedictional_ (in the library of Corpus College, Cambridge) England is called "Regnum Anglo-Saxonum," and the English king is entitled "Rex Anglorum vel Saxonum." [86] This splendid manuscript is in the possession of the Duke of Devonshire; a good description of it, with engravings of all its miniatures, is published in _Archæologia_, Vol. XXIV. 1832, pp. 1 to 117, and a coloured copy of one of the miniatures is given by Westwood, _Irish Manuscripts_, Plate 45. The library of Trinity College, Cambridge, possesses a book of the _Gospels_ which in style is very similar to the _Benedictional_ of Aethelwold. [87] The Gospels of Lothaire are in Paris, _Bibl. Nat. Lat._ 266. [88] This is one of the latest examples of the use of vellum dyed with the _murex_ purple; the purple grounds occasionally used in fifteenth century manuscripts are usually produced by laying on a coat of opaque purple pigment. [89] Now preserved in the Bodleian library at Oxford. [90] The celebrated "Utrecht Psalter" is the best known example of a fine manuscript of this date with outline drawings of the revived classical style. Some northern influence is shown in the interlaced ornaments of the large initials. Facsimiles of some pages have been published by W. G. Birch, London, 1876. [91] This beautiful roll is now in the British Museum, _Harl._, Roll Y, 6; two of the miniatures are photographically illustrated by Birch and Jenner, _Early Drawings and Illuminations_, London, 1879, p. 142. [92] This _Psalter_, which is now in the public library at Utrecht, may possibly be one of the very manuscripts which Canute brought from abroad. It was certainly in England for many centuries before it passed into the possession of Sir Robert Cotton, from whose library it must have been stolen, else it would have passed into the library of the British Museum along with the rest of the great Cotton collection of manuscripts.