[Illustration: Interior of An Apothecary's Shop. Late XIV. or Early XV. Century. Flemish. (_From an Old Painting._)] [Illustration: Court of the Ladies of Queen Anne of Brittany. (_From a Miniature in the Library of St. Petersburg_) Representing the Queen weeping on account of her Husband's absence during the Italian War. Period: XV. Century.] Chapter III. The Renaissance. THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY: Leonardo da Vinci and Raffaele--Church of St. Peter, contemporary great artists--The Italian Palazzo--Methods of gilding, inlaying and mounting Furniture-Pietra-dura and other enrichments--Ruskin's criticism. THE RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE: Francois I. and the Chateau of Fontainebleau--Influence on Courtiers, Chairs of the time--Design of Cabinets--M.E. Bonnaffé on The Renaissance, Bedstead of Jeanne d'Albret--Deterioration of taste in time of Henry IV., Louis XIII. Furniture--Brittany woodwork. THE RENAISSANCE IN THE NETHERLANDS: Influence of the House of Burgundy on Art--The Chimney-piece at Bruges, and other casts of specimens at South Kensington Museum. THE RENAISSANCE IN SPAIN: The resources of Spain in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries--Influence of Saracenic Art, high-backed leather chairs, the Carthusian Convent at Granada. THE RENAISSANCE IN GERMANY: Albrecht Dürer--Famous Steel Chair of Augsburg--German seventeenth century carving in St. Saviour's Hospital. THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND: Influence of Foreign Artists in the time of Henry VIII.--End of Feudalism--Hampton Court Palace--Linen pattern Panels--Woodwork in the Henry VII. Chapel at Westminster Abbey--Livery Cupboards at Hengrave--Harrison quoted--the "parler," alteration in English customs--Chairs of the sixteenth century--Coverings and Cushions of the time, extract from old Inventory--South Kensington Cabinet--Elizabethan Mirror at Goodrich Court--Shaw's "Ancient Furniture" the Glastonbury Chair--Introduction of Frames into England--Characteristics of Native Woodwork--Famous Country Mansions, alteration in design of Woodwork and Furniture--Panelled Rooms at South Kensington--The Charterhouse--Gray's Inn Hall and Middle Temple--The Hall of the Carpenter's Company--The Great Bed of Ware--Shakespeare's Chair--Penshurst Place. [Illustration]