_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Front of the head yellow. Thorax black, with two yellow streaks at the base of the wings. Abdomen dark brown. Half of the superior wings black, beginning at the shoulders, and running to the external edges, on which are seven cream-coloured spots variously shaped. The other half of these wings is scarlet, without any marks. Posterior wings entirely scarlet, edged with black. _Under Side._ Palpi cream-coloured. Breast and abdomen light yellow. Legs black, but underneath pale yellow. Wings coloured as on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire. Mr. Donovan has lately published figures of the upper and under side of this butterfly (which closely resemble each other) in his Naturalist's Repository. These figures do not however represent the peculiar character of the posterior pair of wings, neither is the author correct in his chronological account of this species, as Drury's account and figure were published ten years previous to the Entomologia Systematica, in which work alone of Fabricius is the species mentioned. I have consequently retained the specific designation imposed by Drury, and adopted by the authors of the Encyclopédie Méthodique. PLATE IX. [Illustration] PAPILIO ASCANIUS. Plate IX. fig. 1. ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_. GENUS. PAPILIO, _Auct._ Papilio (Equit. Troj.), _Linn._ PAPILIO ASCANIUS. Alis nigris, fasciâ communi albâ, posticarum rubro inquinatâ; his caudatis, maculis marginalibus chermesinis. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc.) SYN. Papilio Ascanius, _Cramer_, _pl._ 14. _fig._ A. _Fabricius Spec. Ins._ _tom._ 2. _p._ 2. _No._ 6. _Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 3. _No._ 8. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 73. _Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid._ 1. 306. 141. HABITAT: Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.). _Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the latter tinged with orange. Anterior wings sootty black, having a broad white bar rising near the middle of the anterior edges, which crossing them and the anterior ones, meets just below the abdomen. These wings are furnished with two tails, and scolloped, the scollops being white. All the lower part of these wings is of a fine deep black, whereon are placed five red streaks between the tendons, running along the external edges. This black margin is separated from the white bar before mentioned by a carmine red one, and the space between the white bar and the shoulders is of a soot black. {12}_Under Side._ Palpi reddish. Tongue and legs black. Breast black, with red spots on the sides. Abdomen black, with the sides and anus red. Wings on this side coloured as on the upper side, but rather more brilliant. ERYCINA AMPYX. Plate IX. fig. 2, 3. ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Lycænidæ? _Steph._ GENUS. ERYCINA, _Fabr. Latr. God._ Papilio (Dan. Fest.), _Drury_.