Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.Douce, Francis
History
Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.
Douce, Francis
Clowns -- England -- History -- 16th century; Clowns in literature; Exempla in literature; Fools and jesters -- England -- History -- 16th century; Fools and jesters in literature; Gesta Romanorum; Manners and customs in literature; Morris dance; Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Characters -- Clow
_Green sour_, if the genuine reading, should be given, as in the
first folio, without a hyphen; for such a _compound_ epithet will not
elsewhere be easily discovered. Though a real or supposed acidity in
this kind of grass will certainly warrant the use of _sour_, it is not
improbable that Shakspeare might have written _greensward_, i. e. the
green surface of the ground, from the Saxon ꞅƿeaꞃꝺ, skin.
SCENE 1. Page 158.
PRO. His mother was a witch; and one so strong
_That could control the moon_.
So in a former scene, Gonzalo had said, "You are gentlemen of
brave mettle; you would _lift the moon out of her sphere_, &c." In
Adlington's translation of _Apuleius_ 1596, 4to, a book well known to
Shakspeare, a marginal note says, "Witches in old time were supposed
to be of such power that they could pul downe _the moone by their
inchauntment_." In Fleminge's _Virgil's Bucolics_ is this line, "Charms
able are from heaven high to fetch the moone adowne;" and see Scot's
_Discoverie of witchcraft_ 1584, 4to, pp. 174, 226, 227, 250.
But all the above authorities are from the ancients, the system of
modern witchcraft not affording any similar instances of its power. The
Jesuit Delrio is willing to put up with any notice of this superstition
among heathen writers, but is extremely indignant to find it mentioned
by a Christian; contending that it exclusively belongs to the ancients.
_Disquis. magic._ lib. ii. quæst. xi. The following classical
references may not be unacceptable. The earliest on the list will be
that in Aristophanes's _Clouds_, where Strepsiades proposes the hiring
of a Thessalian witch to bring down the moon and shut her in a box that
he might thus evade paying his debts by the month.
"Quæ sidera excantata voce Thessalâ
_Lunamque cœlo deripit_."
Horat. _epod._ v.
"_Deripere lunam_ vocibus possum meis."
Horat. _epod._ xvii.
"Et jam _luna negat toties descendere cœlo_."
Propert. II. _el._ 28.
"Cantus et _é curru lunam deducere_ tentat
Et faceret, si non ære repuisa sonent."
Tibull. I. _el._ 8. and see _el._ 2.
... "_Phœbeque serena_
Non aliter diris verborum obsessa venenis
Palluit, et nigris, terrenisque ignibus arsit,
Et patitur tantos _cantu depressa_ labores
Donec suppositas propior despumet in herbas."[2]
Lucan vi.
"Mater erat Mycale; quam _deduxisse canendo_
Sæpe reluctanti constabat _cornua lunæ_."
Ovid. _Metam._ I. xii.
"Illa reluctantem _curru deducere lunam_
Nititur"
Ovid. _epist._ vi.
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