Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian AmericaCassin, John
Science
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
Cassin, John
Birds -- North America
Dimensions. “Length, 3 feet 7 inches; extent of wings, 10 feet 2
inches; bill, 3¼ inches along the back; along the gap which commences
directly under the eye to the tip of the lower mandible, 3¼ and 1¾
deep; length of wing when folded, 32 inches; length of tail, 15
inches; tarsus, 4½; middle toe, 4¾; hind claw, 2½ inches.” Audubon as
above.
Hab. Kentucky (Audubon); Western and Eastern? Spec. in Mus. Acad.,
Philada.?
Obs. The above description we regard as that of the young bird, and
consider the adult as yet unknown. No specimen precisely corresponding
to Mr. Audubon’s bird, has been obtained since its discovery, and it has
latterly been looked upon by Naturalists, especially in Europe, as an
unusually large specimen of the young white-headed Eagle. It is probably
a western species, and would be readily recognized by the transverse
scutellæ of the tarsi which are continued to the base of the toes.
3. Haliaetus albicilla. (Linn.) The Gray Sea Eagle. The European Sea
Eagle.
Vultur albicilla. Linn., Syst. Nat., I. p. 123. (1766.)
Falco ossifraga et melanaetos. Linn., Syst. Nat., I. p. 124.
(1766.)
Haliaetus grœnlandicus. Brehm, Vog. Deuts., I. p. 16. (1831.)
Buff., Pl. Enl., 112, 415; Selby, Ill. Brit. Orn., pl. 3; Gould, B. of
Eur., I. pl. 10.
Large, bill large, much hooked; wings long; tail moderate. Adult. Tail
white; head and neck pale yellowish-brown, in some specimens very
light; all other parts of the plumage dark umber-brown; quills nearly
black; bill, feet and irides yellow. Younger. Bill brownish-black;
irides brown; entire plumage dark-brown, with the tail mottled with
white, much varying in extent; throat paler, and in some specimens
nearly white.
Dimensions. _Female_—total length, about 3 feet to 40 inches; wing, 2
feet 3 inches; tail, 1 foot. _Male_—smaller.
Hab. Greenland (Fabricius, Holboll). Spec. in Mus. Acad., Philada.
Obs. This Eagle, which is common in Europe, and breeds in cliffs on the
sea-shore, we give as an inhabitant of Greenland. We have to say,
however, that the only specimen from that country which we have ever
seen, and which is a young bird, presents considerable variations from
European specimens, and we consider it quite possible that Dr. Brehm is
right in giving it specific distinction. The young of this bird
resembles that of the succeeding species (_H. leucocephalus_), and the
most readily-detected difference is its larger size and longer tarsi.
The adults are, however, entirely dissimilar.
4. Haliaetus leucocephalus. (Linn.) The Bald Eagle. The White-headed
Eagle.
Falco leucocephalus. Linn., Syst. Nat., I. p. 124. (1766.)
Falco pygargus. Daud., Traité, II. p. 62. (1800.)
Falco ossifragus. Wilson, Am. Orn., VII. p. 16. (1813.)
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