Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the EarthPlayfair, John
Science
Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth
Playfair, John
Geology; Hutton, James, 1726-1797. Theory of the earth
These imperfect hexagonal cases of quartz, filled with feldspar,
certainly indicate the crystallization of substances, which all
assumed their solidity at the same time, and, in doing so, constrained
the figures of one another. To use the words of Dr Hutton, "whether
crystallizing quartz inclose a body of feltspar, or concreting feltspar
determine the shape of fluid quartz, particularly if we have, as is
here the case, two solid bodies including and included, it amounts to
a demonstration, that those bodies have concreted from a fluid state
of fusion, have not crystallized, in the manner of salts, from a
solution."[150]
[Footnote 150: Trans. Royal Society Edin. _ubi supra_, p. 84.]
291. The quartz in granite so generally receives the impressions of
all the other substances, particularly of the feldspar and schorl,
and appears to be so passive a body, that it has been doubted by some
mineralogists, whether in this stone it ever assumes its own figure,
except where cavities afford room for its crystallization. But it
is certain that, beside the Daourian granite just mentioned, there
are others, in which the quartz is completely crystallized. Of this
sort are some specimens, found in a granite vein on the west side of
the hill of St Agnes, in Cornwall. The vein traverses the primitive
schistus, of which that hill consists, from south to north nearly:
the stone is much decomposed, and the feldspar in general is almost
reduced to the state of clay. In this decomposed mass, quartz crystals
are found, having the shape of double hexagonal pyramids, perfectly
regular and complete. The side of the hexagon, which is the base of the
two opposite pyramids, varies from half a tenth to a tenth of an inch
in length, and is the same with the altitude of each of the pyramids.
In some few specimens, the two pyramids do not rest on the same base,
but are separated by a very short, though regular, hexagonal prism.
The surfaces of these crystals are rough, and somewhat opaque, with
slender spiculæ of schorl frequently traversing them. This roughness
is occasioned by slight furrows on the surface of the crystal, very
regularly disposed, and parallel to one another, being without doubt
impressions from the thin plates of the feldspar, which surrounded
the crystal, and slightly indented it. They very much resemble some
impressions, remarked by Dr Hutton in the granite of Portsoy, and
ascribed by him also to a similar cause. He has represented these in
his Theory of the Earth, vol. i. plate ii. fig. 4. The action and
reaction of two crystallizing bodies, hardly admits of a stronger and
more unequivocal expression, than in these two instances.
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