Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth — John Shaqi
Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the EarthPlayfair, John
Science
Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth
Playfair, John
Geology; Hutton, James, 1726-1797. Theory of the earth
50. To the same effect may be mentioned those groups of crystals
composed of substances the most different, that are united in the same
specimen, all intersecting and mutually impressing one another. These
admit of being explained, on the supposition that they were originally
in fusion, and became solid by the loss of heat; a cause that acted
on them all alike, and alike impelled them to crystallize: But the
appearances of simultaneous crystallization seem incompatible with the
nature of deposition from a solvent, where, with respect 16 different
substances, the effects must take place slowly, and in succession.
51. The metals contained in the veins which we are now treating of,
appear very commonly in the form of an ore, mineralized by sulphur.
Their union with this latter substance can be produced, as we know, by
heat, but hardly by the way of solution in a menstruum, and certainly
not at all, if that menstruum is nothing else than water. The metals,
therefore, when mineralized by sulphur, give no countenance to the
hypothesis of aqueous solution; and still less do they give any when
they are found native, as it is called, that is, malleable, pure
and uncombined with any other substance. The great masses of native
iron found in Siberia and South America are well known; and nothing
certainly can less resemble the products of a chemical precipitation.
Gold, however, the most perfect of the metals, is found native most
frequently; the others more rarely, in proportion nearly to the
facility of their combination with sulphur. Of all such specimens it
may be safely affirmed, that if they have ever been fluid, or even
soft, they must have been so by the action of heat; for, to suppose
that a metal has been precipitated, pure and uncombined from any
menstruum, is to trespass against all analogy, and to maintain a
physical impossibility. But it is certain, that many of the native
metals have once been in a state of softness, because they bear on them
impressions which they could not have received but when they were soft.
Thus, gold is often impressed by quartz and other stones, which still
adhere to it, or are involved in it. Specimens of quartz, containing
gold and silver shooting through them, with the most beautiful and
varied ramifications, are every where to be met with in the cabinets of
the curious; and contain, in their structure, the clearest proof, that
the metal and the quartz have been both soft, and have crystallized
together. By the compactness, also, of the body which they form, they
show, that when they acquired solidity, it was by the concretion of the
whole mass, and not by such partial concretion as takes place when a
solvent is separated from substances which it held in solution.
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