“The missionaries sent amongst the several tribes are, no doubt, sincere in their intentions. I believe them to be so, from what I have seen; but, unfortunately, they commence their labours where they should end them. They should teach the Indians to work, by establishing schools of that description among them; induce them to live at home, abandon their restless and unsettled life, and live independent of the chase. After they are taught this, their intellectual faculties would be more susceptible of improvement of a moral and religious nature; and their steps towards civilization would become less difficult.” The Pawnees are divided into four bands, or families—designated by the names of Grand Pawnees—Tappage Pawnees—Republican Pawnees, and Wolf Pawnees. Each of these bands has a chief at its head; which chiefs, with all the nation, acknowledge a superior chief at whose voice they all move. At the head of the Grand Pawnees, is _Shon-ka-ki-he-ga_ (the horse chief, +plate+ 138); and by the side of him, _Haw-che-ke-sug-ga_ (he who kills the Osages, +plate+ 139), the aged chief of the Missouries, of whom I have spoken, and shall yet say more. _La-doo-ke-a_ (the buffalo bull, +plate+ 140), with his _medicine_ or _totem_ (the head of a buffalo) painted on his breast and his face, with bow and arrows in his hands, is a warrior of great distinction in the same band. _Le-shaw-loo-lah-le-hoo_ (the big elk, +plate+ 141), chief of the Wolf Pawnees, is another of the most distinguished of this tribe. In addition to the above, I have also painted of this tribe, for my Museum, _Ah-shaw-wah-rooks-te_ (the medicine horse); _La-kee-too-wi-ra-sha_ (the little chief); _Loo-ra-we-re-coo_ (the bird that goes to war); _Ah-sha-la-couts-a_ (mole in the forehead); _La-shaw-le-staw-hix_ (the man chief); _Te-ah-ke-ra-le-re-coo_ (the Chayenne); _Lo-loch-to-hoo-la_ (the big chief); _La-wah-ee-coots-la-shaw-no_ (the brave chief); and _L’har-e-tar-rushe_ (the ill-natured man). The Pawnees live in four villages, some few miles apart, on the banks of the Platte river, having their allies the Omahas and Ottoes so near to them as easily to act in concert, in case of invasion from any other tribe; and from the fact that half or more of them are supplied with guns and ammunition, they are able to withstand the assaults of any tribe that may come upon them. Of the Ottoes, _No-way-ke-sug-ga_ (he who strikes two at once, +plate+ 143); and _Raw-no-way-woh-krah_ (the loose pipe-stem, +plate+ 144), I have painted at full length, in beautiful costumes—the first with a necklace of grizzly bear’s claws, and his dress profusely fringed with scalp-locks; the second, in a tunic made of the entire skin of a grizzly bear, with a head-dress of the war-eagle’s quills. Besides these, I painted, also, _Wah-ro-nee-sah_ (the surrounder); _Non-je-ning-a_ (no heart); and _We-ke-ru-law_ (he who exchanges).