Immigration : $b A world movement and its American significanceFairchild, Henry Pratt
History
Immigration : $b A world movement and its American significance
Fairchild, Henry Pratt
Emigration and immigration; United States -- Emigration and immigration
Plantation colonies, on the other hand, arise in regions different in
climate from the home state, that is, in tropical or subtropical
regions. Here conditions of soil and climate are such that the natural
products are of a kind which cannot be raised under home conditions, and
hence are luxuries rather than staples. Acclimatization is practically
impossible for men, and almost wholly so for women, so that normal
family life is precluded for the colonist. Furthermore, as it is
impossible for natives of the temperate zone to engage in agricultural
labor in the tropics, for physiological reasons, all work of that kind
must be performed by the natives, or by other similar races imported for
the purpose. As a rule, the natives do not wish to work, and wages are
no sufficient inducement. Hence they must be made to work, and slavery,
either openly or in one of its disguised forms, appears. Since a very
small number of Europeans will suffice to direct the activities of a
large number of natives, the movement of population from the home state
is small, and we find agriculture in the tropics developing along the
line of a large unit, producing a single commodity, and operated by
compulsory labor, under conditions of waste and exploitation. This is
the typical “plantation.”
Thus we see that the social and industrial conditions are diametrically
opposed in the two forms of colony. In the farm colony we have a
vigorous population, similar in stock to that of the home state, each
family tilling its own piece of land, and largely self-supporting. Under
such conditions large families are an economic advantage, and population
grows rapidly. In the plantation colony the colonists are few and mostly
males, who superintend the cultivation of large estates, with the
purpose of making as much money as possible and getting back to the home
land at the earliest possible moment. As far as the population of the
colony is affected, it is mainly by the growth of a body of half-breeds,
who are always a troublesome class. Morals are low, and life unhealthy
and artificial. In the political interests of the colonies similar
distinctions exist. Life in a farm colony tends to develop enterprise,
independence, and political and social equality. A feeling of patriotism
toward the colony, as distinguished from the home state, inevitably
develops. The manifest destiny of the farm colony is to become an
independent state, either with a wholly separate government, or with
only the most tenuous ties binding it to the home authority. In the
plantation colony life develops along an aristocratic groove, with
well-defined social and political classes. There is no love on the part
of the colonist for the colony as such, and no body of local feeling
grows up among the colonists. This development is furthered by the
customary action of the central government, which regards the farm
colony as of little importance because of the similarity between its
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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