[122] _Pinkerton's Collection of Voyages._ [123] H. Busch's _Journal of a Cruise round the Nicobars_. [124] _Corvetten Galathea's Jordourseiling_, Steen Bille, 2 vols., Kjöbenhaven, 1852. [125] _Voyage of the Novara_, Dr Karl Scherzer, 3 vols., London, 1862. [126] "The people of Kar Nicobar have a tradition among them, that several canoes came from Andaman many years ago, and that the crews were all armed, and committed great depredations, and killed several of the Nicobarians."--Hamilton, _Asiatic Researches_, vol. ii. [127] Achin, at the north-west extremity of the neighbouring island of Sumatra, appears to have been for ages before the arrival of Europeans the great mart for the Telingu traders, who, probably as early as 2000 B.C., carried from the Malay Peninsula the tin used by the Egyptians in making their bronze implements. [128] "Commercial intercourse was maintained from a very early date between the South of India and the trading towns which formed the emporia of the spice islands, notably Johor, Singapore, and Malacca. When the Portuguese, at the commencement of the sixteenth century, first visited these places, they were amazed at the concourse of foreign vessels assembled there. When this intercourse began it is impossible to say, but it was probably much earlier than the above. Snouck-Hurgronje, writing of Acheh, says that the settlement of Klings from Southern India in that country is of great antiquity; and that the Tamils were the leaders in this commercial enterprise in Malaya is clearly shown by the pure Tamil words,--chiefly connected with commerce, though not altogether so,--which have found their way into Malay.... The Malay for 'ship,' _kapal_, is pure Tamil ... the pure Tamil _padagu_, 'boat,' may reasonably be taken to be the parent of the Malay _prahu_. If this be so, it would seem as if the Tamils first introduced the Malays to even the most elementary navigation, and, as they gave them _kapal_, taught them to 'go down to the sea in ships.' ... They do not seem to have settled down or intermixed with the Malays to any great extent,--not certainly so much as in Acheh, where considerable colonies of Tamils took up their abode. Their object being merely commerce, they went as they came, returning year by year as the monsoon favoured."--"Southern India and the Straits," W. A. O'Sullivan, _Jour. Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Soc._, No. 36, July 1901. [129] _Vide_ pp. 235, 236, of _A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago_, by H. O. Forbes; London, Sampson Low, 1885. [130] _Jour. Royal Geog. Soc._, 1899, p. 288. [131] "Those that are of a permanent character sometimes partake of the same bee-hive form which commonly marks the dwellings of the coast people, being in like manner raised on posts 6 or 8 feet above the ground."--E. H. Man, _Jour. Anthrop. Inst._, vol. xv. [132] _Ficus brevicuspis._