CHAPTER VIII The Period of Attempted Suppression, 1807–1825 7 55. The Act of 1807 97 56. The First Question: How shall illegally imported Africans be disposed of? 99 57. The Second Question: How shall Violations be punished? 104 58. The Third Question: How shall the Interstate Coastwise Slave-Trade be protected? 106 59. Legislative History of the Bill 107 60. Enforcement of the Act 111 61. Evidence of the Continuance of the Trade 112 62. Apathy of the Federal Government 115 63. Typical Cases 120 64. The Supplementary Acts, 1818–1820 121 65. Enforcement of the Supplementary Acts,1818–1825 126 CHAPTER IX The International Status of the Slave-Trade, 1783–1862 66. The Rise of the Movement against the Slave-Trade,1788–1807 133 67. Concerted Action of the Powers, 1783–1814 134 68. Action of the Powers from 1814 to 1820 136 69. The Struggle for an International Right of Search, 1820–1840 137 70. Negotiations of 1823–1825 140 71. The Attitude of the United States and the State of the Slave-Trade 142 72. The Quintuple Treaty, 1839–1842 145 73. Final Concerted Measures, 1842–1862 148 CHAPTER X The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom, 1820–1850 74. The Economic Revolution 152 75. The Attitude of the South 154 76. The Attitude of the North and Congress 156 77. Imperfect Application of the Laws 159 78. Responsibility of the Government 161 79. Activity of the Slave-Trade,1820–1850 163 CHAPTER XI The Final Crisis, 1850–1870 8 80. The Movement against the Slave-Trade Laws 168 81. Commercial Conventions of 1855–1856 169 82. Commercial Conventions of 1857–1858 170 83. Commercial Convention of 1859 172 84. Public Opinion in the South 173 85. The Question in Congress 174 86. Southern Policy in 1860 176 87. Increase of the Slave-Trade from 1850 to 1860 178 88. Notorious Infractions of the Laws 179 89. Apathy of the Federal Government 182 90. Attitude of the Southern Confederacy 187 91. Attitude of the United States 190 CHAPTER XII The Essentials in the Struggle 92. How the Question Arose 193 93. The Moral Movement 194 94. The Political Movement 195 95. The Economic Movement 195 96. The Lesson for Americans 196 APPENDICES A. A Chronological Conspectus of Colonial and State Legislation restricting the African Slave-Trade, 1641–1787 199 B. A Chronological Conspectus of State, National, and International Legislation, 1788–1871 234 C. Typical Cases of Vessels engaged in the American Slave-Trade, 1619–1864 306 D. Bibliography 316 INDEX 347