Example of this in case of violence, which provokes vengeance, law steps in to repress it with regularity and certainty, 493, 494. Economic view of the law of solidarity not indicated by the author in this chapter, 494, note. Sophismes Économiques, great success of that work, and extract from it, 18; referred to, 124, note, and 325. Spain, usual rate of interest in, said to be 8 per cent., 302. Population of, doubles in 106 years, 404. Spoliation and oppression, the sources of all social dissonances, 318-322. Statistics, Experimental, what meant by, 353-360. Stewart, Sir James, took the same view of the principle of population which Malthus more formally enunciated, thirty years before the appearance of the Essay on Population, 402, note. Storch, his erroneous view of the principle of value, 136. His doctrine that value depends on the judgment we form of utility confuted, 168; quoted, 191. Supply often virtually precedes demand, 335. This arises from foresight of producer, ib. Intensity of demand pre-existent, 335. Switzerland, population of, doubles in 227 years, 404. T. Taxation, not necessarily a loss, as represented by Say, 426, 427, note. Tracy, M. de, quoted, 106, 107. Turkey, population of, doubles in 555 years, 403. U. Utility, onerous and gratuitous, 69. By substituting gratuitous for onerous utility, progress annihilates value, ib. Gratuitous, tends to take the place of onerous utility, 90, 91. Mode in which this is effected, 91, 92. Attributing value to utility has led to many errors, 164-167. The term Production employed to designate whatever confers utility, and Consumption to designate the enjoyment to which that utility gives rise, 323. What renders service to the masses is utility alone, and value is not the measure of it, 325; but in the case of the individual, value is the measure of it, 325, 326. General utility and onerous utility represented by lines of unequal length; gratuitous utility, by indefinite lines, 328. Utility formerly onerous, now become gratuitous, also represented by lines, 330. V. Value consists in the comparative appreciation of reciprocal services, 73. Does not reside in material substances, as represented by Smith, 91. Vague definition of, 108. Value represents effort, 109. Theory of value, 131. As essential to Political Economy as numeration is to arithmetic, ib. Value has a tendency to diminish in relation to utility, 132. Does not extend to the co-operation of nature, but is restricted exclusively to human efforts, 134. A state of isolation excludes the idea of value, ib. Exchange imparts the notion of value, 135. Value is the relation of two services exchanged, ib.