Illustrations of this, 213-216. Progress of civilisation tends to lower rate of interest, 302. Rates in Brazil, Algeria, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, England, and Holland, ib. Relations of capitalist and labourer, 383. Erroneous notions on this subject most dangerous, 384. Falsest theories abroad, ib. Due to M. de Sismondi and M. Buret, ib. Labourer's share of product has a tendency to increase as capital increases, 385. When exchange takes place between capital, or anterior labour, and present labour, it is not on the footing of their duration or intensity, but of their value, 387. Anterior labour has a general tendency to become depreciated, 388, 389. Presence of capital always beneficial to labourer, 390. Groundless outcry against tyranny of capital, 391, 392. Carey, Mr, his theory of rent referred to, 274, note by Translator. Ce qu'on voit et ce qu'on ne voit pas, or Political Economy in one Lesson, pamphlet by Bastiat, quoted, 24. Referred to, 478, note. Châteaubriand, represents civilisation and corruption of morals as marching abreast, 511, 512. His Mémoires d'Outre Tombe quoted, 512. Civil law terms explained, 172, and note. Cobden, Mr, letter from, on the subject of Bastiat's merits as an economist and writer, 4. Triumph of free trade due to him rather than to Sir Robert Peel, 374. His efforts for the suppression of war, 375. Communists, their erroneous views of landed property controverted, 155. Competition, no organization or form of association can be substituted for, 288. Implies freedom from all constraint, 289. Levels all factitious inequalities, 290. Misunderstood by the Socialists, ib. Value diminishes through the co-operation of natural forces, not of its own accord, but by the pressure exerted by competition, 291, 292. In the absence of competition, society would be constituted on the principle of universal monopoly, ib. Competition enables one country to participate in the natural advantages of another, 293. Examples of this, 294, 299. Inventions and discoveries become, through competition, the common and gratuitous patrimony of all, 299. Mode in which this takes place, 300, 301. Competition among capitalists reduces the price of commodities, 301, 302. Progress of civilisation tends to lower the rate of interest, and this effected by competition, 302. If wages are sometimes reduced by competition, the labourers, as consumers, profit by it, 303-307. Competition tends to render services proportional to efforts, 306. Laws of modern society too often cramp competition, 309, 310. Competition essential to progress, and allied with human perfectibility, 313. It approximates ranks, fortunes, and intelligence, 316.