CHAPTER XII.—THE SCIENCE OF PROCREATION. The Relationship of the Science of Procreation to the Art of Love—Sexual Desire and Sexual Pleasure as the Conditions of Conception—Reproduction Formerly Left to Caprice and Lust—The Question of Procreation as a Religious Question—The Creed of Eugenics—Ellen Key and Sir Francis Galton—Our Debt to Posterity—The Problem of Replacing Natural Selection—The Origin and Development of Eugenics—The General Acceptance of Eugenical Principles To-day—The Two Channels by Which Eugenical Principles are Becoming Embodied in Practice—The Sense of Sexual Responsibility in Women—The Rejection of Compulsory Motherhood—The Privilege of Voluntary Motherhood—Causes of the Degradation of Motherhood—The Control of Conception—Now Practiced by the Majority of the Population in Civilized Countries—The Fallacy of "Racial Suicide"—Are Large Families a Stigma of Degeneration?—Procreative Control the Outcome of Natural and Civilized Progress—The Growth of Neo-Malthusian Beliefs and Practices—Facultative Sterility as Distinct from Neo-Malthusianism—The Medical and Hygienic Necessity of Control of Conception—Preventive Methods—Abortion—The New Doctrine of the Duty to Practice Abortion—How Far is this Justifiable?—Castration as a Method of Controlling Procreation—Negative Eugenics and Positive Eugenics—The Question of Certificates for Marriage—The Inadequacy of Eugenics by Act of Parliament—The Quickening of the Social Conscience in Regard to Heredity—Limitations to the Endowment of Motherhood—The Conditions Favorable to Procreation—Sterility—The Question of Artificial Fecundation—The Best Age of Procreation—The Question of Early Motherhood—The Best Time for Procreation—The Completion of the Divine Cycle of Life. POSTSCRIPT. INDEX OF AUTHORS. INDEX OF SUBJECTS. ESSAYS IN WAR-TIME Further Studies In The Task Of Social Hygiene By Havelock Ellis CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION II EVOLUTION AND WAR III WAR AND EUGENICS IV MORALITY IN WARFARE V IS WAR DIMINISHING? VI WAR AND THE BIRTH-RATE VII WAR AND DEMOCRACY VIII FEMINISM AND MASCULINISM IX THE MENTAL DIFFERENCES OF MEN AND WOMEN X THE WHITE SLAVE CRUSADE XI THE CONQUEST OF VENEREAL DISEASE XII THE NATIONALISATION OF HEALTH XIII EUGENICS AND GENIUS XIV THE PRODUCTION OF ABILITY XV MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE XVI THE MEANING OF THE BIRTH-RATE XVII CIVILISATION AND THE BIRTH-RATE XVIII BIRTH CONTROL LITTLE ESSAYS OF LOVE AND VIRTUE By Havelock Ellis CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Preface I Children and Parents 13 II The Meaning of Purity 37 III The Objects of Marriage 63 IV Husbands and Wives 75 V The Love-Rights of Women 102 VI The Play-Function of Sex 116 VII The Individual and the Race 134 Index 183