ILLUSTRATIONS OF UNIVERSAL PROGRESS A Series of Discussions By Herbert Spencer CONTENTS. PAGE I. Progress: Its Law and Cause, 1 II. Manners and Fashion, 61 III. The Genesis of Science, 116 IV. The Physiology of Laughter, 194 V. The Origin and Function of Music, 210 VI. The Nebular Hypothesis, 239 VII. Bain on the Emotions and the Will, 300 VIII. Illogical Geology, 325 IX. The Development Hypothesis, 377 X. The Social Organism, 384 XI. Use and Beauty, 429 XII. The Sources of Architectural Types, 434 XIII. The Use of Anthropomorphism, 440 THE DATA OF ETHICS By Herbert Spencer CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Conduct in General 1 CHAPTER II. The Evolution of Conduct 7 CHAPTER III. Good and Bad Conduct 23 CHAPTER IV. Ways of Judging Conduct 54 CHAPTER V. The Physical View 75 CHAPTER VI. The Biological View 88 CHAPTER VII. The Psychological View 121 CHAPTER VIII. The Sociological View 157 CHAPTER IX. Criticisms and Explanations 178 CHAPTER X. The Relativity of Pains and Pleasures 206 CHAPTER XI. xEgoism versus Altruism 221 CHAPTER XII. Altruism versus Egoism 237 CHAPTER XIII. Trial and Compromise 258 CHAPTER XIV. Conciliation 285 CHAPTER XV. Absolute and Relative Ethics 304 CHAPTER XVI. The Scope of Ethics 332 THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY By Herbert Spencer IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME I CONTENTS OF VOL. I. PART I.—THE DATA OF BIOLOGY. CHAPTER PAGE I. —Organic matter 3 II. —The actions of forces on organic matter 27 III. —The re-actions of organic matter on forces 45 IIIA. —Metabolism 62 IV. —Proximate conception of life 78 V. —The correspondence between life and its circumstances 91 VI. —The degree of life varies as the degree of correspondence 101 VIA. —The dynamic element in life 111 VII. —The scope of biology 124 PART II.—THE INDUCTIONS OF BIOLOGY. I. —Growth 135 II. —Development 162 IIA. —Structure 181 III. —Function 197 IV. —Waste and repair 213 V. —Adaptation 227 VI. —Individuality 244 VIA. —Cell-life and cell-multiplication 252 VII. —Genesis 269 VIII. —Heredity 301 IX. —Variation 320 X. —Genesis, heredity, and variation 336 {xii} XA.