Use of federal troops in suppressing insurrections 269 Various federal powers 270 Provision for a federal city under federal jurisdiction 271 The Federal Congress might compel the attendance of members 272 Powers denied to the several states 272 Should the federal government he allowed to make its promissory notes a legal tender in payment of debts? powerful speech of Gouverneur Morris 273 Emphatic and unmistakable condemnation of paper money by all the leading delegates 274 The convention refused to grant to the federal government the power of issuing inconvertible paper, but did not think an express prohibition necessary 275 If they could have foreseen some recent judgments of the supreme court, they would doubtless have made the prohibition explicit and absolute 276 Debates as to the federal executive 277 Sherman's suggestion as to the true relation of the executive to the legislature 278 There was to be a single chief magistrate, but how should he be chosen? 279 Objections to an election by Congress 280 Ellsworth and King suggest the device of an electoral college, which is at first rejected 281 But afterwards adopted 282 Provisions for an election by Congress in the case of a failure of choice by the electoral college 283 Provisions for counting the electoral votes 284 It was not intended to leave anything to be decided by the president of the Senate 285 The convention foresaw imaginary dangers, but not the real ones 286 Hamilton's opinion of the electoral scheme 287 How it has actually worked 288 In this part of its work the convention tried to copy from the British Constitution 289 In which they supposed the legislative and executive departments to be distinct and separate 290 Here they were misled by Montesquieu and Blackstone 291 What our government would be if it were really like that of Great Britain 292–294 In the British government the executive department is not separated from the legislative 295 Circumstances which obscured the true aspect of the case a century ago 296–298 The American cabinet is analogous, not to the British cabinet, but to the privy council 299 The federal judiciary, and its remarkable character 300–301 Provisions for amending the Constitution 302 The document is signed by all but three of the delegates 303 And the convention breaks up 304 With a pleasant remark from Franklin 305 CHAPTER VII. CROWNING THE WORK. Franklin lays the Constitution before the legislature of Pennsylvania 306 It is submitted to Congress, which refers it to the legislatures of the thirteen states, to be ratified or rejected by the people in conventions 307 First American parties, Federalists and Antifederalists 308, 309 The contest in Pennsylvania 310 How to make a quorum 311 A war of pamphlets and newspaper squibs 312, 313 Ending in the ratification of the Constitution by Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey 314 Rejoicings and mutterings 315 Georgia and Connecticut ratify 316 The outlook in Massachusetts 317, 318