The Irish village of Baltimore 255 Early career of George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore 255, 256 How James I. granted him a palatinate in Newfoundland 256 Origin of palatinates 256, 257 Changes in English palatinates 258, 259 The bishopric of Durham 259, 260 Durham and Avalon 260 How Lord Baltimore fared in his colony of Avalon in Newfoundland 261 His letter to the king 262 How he visited Virginia but was not cordially received 263, 264 How a part of Virginia was granted to him and received the name of Maryland 265 Fate of the Avalon charter 266 Character of the first Lord Baltimore 267 Early career of Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore 268 How the founding of Maryland introduced into America a new type of colonial government 269, 270 Ecclesiastical powers of the Lord Proprietor 271 Religious toleration in Maryland 272 The first settlement at St. Mary's 273 Relations with the Indians 274 [Pg xx] Prosperity of the settlement 275 Comparison of the palatinate government of Maryland with that of the bishopric of Durham 275-285 The constitution of Durham; the receiver-general 276 Lord lieutenant and high sheriff 276 Chancellor of temporalities 277 The ancient halmote and the seneschal 277 The bishop's council 278 Durham not represented in the House of Commons until after 1660 278 Limitations upon Durham autonomy 279 The palatinate type in America 280 Similarities between Durham and Maryland; the governor 281 Secretary; surveyor-general; muster master-general; sheriffs 282 The courts 282, 283 The primary assembly 283 Question as to the initiative in legislation 284 The representative assembly 284, 285 Lord Baltimore's power more absolute than that of any king of England save perhaps Henry VIII 285 CHAPTER IX. LEAH AND RACHEL.