Smyth's picture of the daily life on a plantation 230, 231 Very different picture given by John Mason; the mode of life at Gunston Hall 232-234xi A glimpse of Mount Vernon 235 Dress of planters and their wives 236 Weddings and funerals 237 Horses and horse-racing 237-239 Fox-hunting 239 Gambling 239, 240 A rural entertainment of the olden time 240, 241 Music and musical instruments 242 The theatre and other recreations 243 Some interesting libraries 243-245 Schools and printing 245, 246 Private free schools 246 Academies and tutors 247 Convicts as tutors 248 Virginians at Oxford 249 James Madison and his tutors 250 Contrast with New England in respect of educational advantages 251 Causes of the difference 252, 253 Illustrations from the history of American intellect 254 Virginia's historians; Robert Beverley 255 William Stith 255, 256 William Byrd 256-258 Jefferson's notes on Virginia; McClurg's Belles of Williamsburg; Clayton the botanist 259 Physicians, their prescriptions and charges 260 Washington's last illness 260 Some Virginia parsons, their tricks and manners 261, 263 Free thinking; superstition and crime 264 Cruel punishments 265 Lawyers 266 A government of laws 267 Some characteristics of Maryland 267-269 CHAPTER XV. THE CAROLINA FRONTIER. How South Carolina was a frontier against the Spaniards 270 How North Carolina was a wilderness frontier 271 The grant of Carolina to eight lords proprietors 272 John Locke and Lord Shaftesbury 272, 273 "Fundamental Constitutions" of Carolina 274xii The Carolina palatinate different from that of Maryland 275 Titles of nobility 276 Albemarle colony 276 New Englanders at Cape Fear 277 Sir John Yeamans and Clarendon colony 277 The Ashley River colony and the founding of Charleston 278 First legislation in Albemarle 279 Troubles caused by the Navigation Act 280 The trade between Massachusetts and North Carolina 281 Eastchurch and Miller 282 Culpeper's usurpation 283 How Culpeper fared in London 284 How Charleston was moved from Albemarle Point to Oyster Point 285 Seth Sothel's tyranny in Albemarle and his banishment 286, 287 Troubles in Ashley River colony 287 The Scotch at Port Royal 288 A state without laws 289 Reappearance of Sothel, this time as the people's friend 289 His downfall and death 290 Clarendon colony abandoned 290 Philip Ludwell's administration 290, 291 Joseph Archdale and his beneficent rule 291 Sir Nathaniel Johnson and the dissenters 292 Unsuccessful attempt of a French and Spanish fleet upon Charleston 293 Thomas Carey 294 Porter's mission to England 295 Edward Hyde comes to govern North Carolina 296 Carey's rebellion 296, 297 Expansion of the northern colony; arrival of Baron Graffenried with Germans and Swiss; founding of New Berne 297 Accusations against Carey and Porter of inciting the Indians against the colony 297 These accusations are highly improbable and not well supported 298 Survey of Carolina Indians 298-300 Algonquin tribes 298 Sioux tribes; Iroquois tribes 299