Transcriber’s Note: Minor errors in punctuation and formatting have been silently corrected. Please see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details regarding the handling of any textual issues encountered during its preparation. This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects. Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_. The captions of the full-page illustrations have been indicated, moved slightly to appear at paragraph breaks. Footnotes have been resequenced to be unique across the text, and were moved to the end of each chapter. ------------------ INDIA AND TIBET ------------------ [Illustration: THE DALAI LAMA] ------------------ INDIA AND TIBET A HISTORY OF THE RELATIONS WHICH HAVE SUBSISTED BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES FROM THE TIME OF WARREN HASTINGS TO 1910; WITH A PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF THE MISSION TO LHASA OF 1904 BY SIR FRANCIS YOUNGHUSBAND K.C.I.E. WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1910 ------------------ TO MY WIFE, ON WHOM FELL THE ANXIETY AND SUSPENSE OF DISTANTLY AWAITING THE RESULTS OF HIGH ADVENTURE, I DEDICATE THIS BOOK, IN THE HOPE THAT FROM IT MAY COME SOME RECOMPENSE FOR THE SUFFERING SHE ENDURED ------------------ PREFACE An apology is needed for the length of this book. When it was passing through the press, a Parliamentary Blue-book appeared containing much important information as to recent developments, and what I had intended as only the account of our relations with Tibet up to the return of the Mission of 1904 I thought with advantage might be extended to include our relations to the present time. The whole forms one connected narrative of the attempt, protracted over 137 years, to accomplish a single purpose—the establishment of ordinary neighbourly intercourse with Tibet. The dramatic ending disclosed is that, when that purpose had at last been achieved, we forthwith abandoned the result.