PAGE CHAPTER I THE CLASH OF TWO CIVILISATIONS 1 CHAPTER II THE ENDURING POWER OF HINDUISM 15 CHAPTER III MAHOMEDAN DOMINATION 46 CHAPTER IV BRITISH RULE UNDER THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 66 CHAPTER V THE MUTINY AND FIFTY YEARS AFTER 84 CHAPTER VI THE FIRST GREAT WAVE OF UNREST 111 CHAPTER VII THE MORLEY-MINTO REFORMS 125 CHAPTER VIII THROUGH THE GREAT WAR TO THE GREAT INDIAN REFORM BILL 139 CHAPTER IX THE EMERGENCE OF MR. GANDHI 165 CHAPTER X SIDE-LIGHTS ON THE ELECTIONS 193 CHAPTER XI CROSS CURRENTS IN SOUTHERN INDIA 214 CHAPTER XII THE BIRTH OF AN INDIAN PARLIAMENT 227 CHAPTER XIII ECONOMIC FACTORS 246 CHAPTER XIV SHOALS AND ROCKS AHEAD 268 CHAPTER XV THE INCLINED PLANE OF GANDHIISM 286 CHAPTER XVI THE INDIAN PROBLEM A WORLD PROBLEM 299 INDEX 311 CHAPTER I THE CLASH OF TWO CIVILISATIONS On February 9, 1921, three hundred and twenty-one years after Queen Elizabeth granted to her trusty "Merchant-venturers" of London the charter out of which the East India Company and the British Empire of India were to grow up, His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught inaugurated at Delhi, in the King-Emperor's name, the new representative institutions that are to lead India onward towards complete self-government as an equal partner in the British Commonwealth of Nations. To bring home to every Indian the full significance of the occasion, the King-Emperor did not shrink from using in his Royal Message an Indian word which not long ago was held to bear no other than a seditious construction. His Majesty gave it a new and finer meaning. "For years--it may be for generations--patriotic and loyal Indians have dreamed of _Swaraj_ for their motherland. To-day you have the beginnings of _Swaraj_ within my Empire, and the widest scope and ample opportunity for progress to the liberty which my other Dominions enjoy."