[Footnote 201: Marudv_ri_dhâ, a general name for river. According to Roth the combined course of the Akesines and Hydaspes, _before_ the junction with the Hydraotes; according to Ludwig, the river _after_ the junction with Hydraotes. Zimmer (Altindisches Leben, p. 12) adopts Roth's, Kiepert in his maps follows Ludwig's opinion.] [Footnote 202: According to Yâska, the Âr_g_îkîyâ is the Vipâ_s_. Vivien de Saint-Martin takes it for the country watered by the Suwan, the Soanos of Megasthenes.] [Footnote 203: According to Yâska the Sushomâ is the Indus. Vivien de Saint-Martin identifies it with the Suwan. Zimmer (l. c. p. 14) points out that in Arrian, Indica, iv. 12, there is a various reading Soamos for Soanos.] [Footnote 204: "Chips from a German Workshop," vol. i. p. 157.] [Footnote 205: Vâ_g_inîvatî is by no means an easy word. Hence all translators vary, and none settles the meaning. Muir translates, "yielding nutriment;" Zimmer, "having plenty of quick horses;" Ludwig, "like a strong mare." Va_g_in, no doubt, means a strong horse, a racer, but va_g_inî never occurs in the Rig-Veda in the sense of a mare, and the text is not va_g_inîvat, but va_g_inîvatî. If vâ_g_inî meant mare, we might translate rich in mares, but that would be a mere repetition after sva_s_vâ, possessed of good horses. Va_g_inîvatî is chiefly applied to Ushas, Sarasvatî, and here to the river Sindhu. It is joined with va_g_ebhi_h_, Rig-Veda I. 3, 10, which, if vâ_g_inî meant mare, would mean "rich in mares through horses." We also read, Rig-Veda I. 48, 16, sám (na_h_ mimikshvá) vã_g_ai_h_ vâ_g_inîvati, which we can hardly translate by "give us horses, thou who art possessed of mares;" nor, Rig-Veda I. 92, 15, yúkshva hí vâ_g_inîvati á_s_vân, "harness the horses, thou who art rich in mares." In most of the passages where vâ_g_inîvatî occurs, the goddess thus addressed is represented as rich, and asked to bestow wealth, and I should therefore prefer to take vâ_g_ínî, as a collective abstract noun, like tretínî, in the sense of wealth, originally booty, and to translate vâ_g_inîvatî simply by rich, a meaning well adapted to every passage where the word occurs.] [Footnote 206: Ur_n_âvatî, rich in wool, probably refers to the flocks of sheep for which the North-West of India was famous. See Rig-Veda I. 126, 7.]