Reports collected by the Comptroller of Currency in 1911–12 already
show in a striking way the tendency of gold to take the place which
is, or might be, occupied by notes. The rapidity with which gold is
becoming popularised in the Punjab is probably due in very great part
to the fact that notes have never become acclimatised there.[47] The
inconvenience of making large payments in silver is obvious;[48] and
facilities for obtaining gold are naturally welcomed. The events of the
last two or three years may have done very great harm in the direction
of postponing the development of the use of notes in Northern India. In
Bengal and Eastern Bengal, on the other hand, the slow progress made by
gold is to be explained by the fact that the people of these provinces
are much more accustomed to the use of notes, which are even used in
some cases for the purpose of hoarding (cf. p. 165). If the Government
were to attempt to further in any way the circulation of gold in the
Bengals, they would be aiming a dangerous blow at their own note issue;
whereas if notes could be encouraged in place of rupees in the jute
trade, there would be a huge increase in their circulation. It is also
reported that the use of gold in the rice trade in Burma would displace
notes mainly. The following quotations from the reports (collected in
1911–12 by the Comptroller of Currency from districts in the Punjab),
referred to above, illustrate the point that gold is preferred to
silver because it is more convenient to carry, and that notes are
distrusted because there is no universally spread assurance of their
ready convertibility.[49]
_Gujranwala._—The zamindar prefers to have his price for the grain
in gold, as he can easily carry it and easily exchange it and, if
necessary, easily put it away. He shies at currency notes of any
value, as they cannot be easily exchanged, and to receive payment in
silver means cost of carriage and a greater risk of being robbed.
Contractors of the Canal Department are very glad to receive payment
of their cheques in gold. Some have remarked that sovereigns can be
exchanged even in the village most remote from civilisation, but
notes, even of the value of Rs. 5, are looked upon with distrust by
the village yokel and even by the village sahukar. With a sovereign
there is no trouble, no awkward questions are asked and no discount
taken.
_Jhang._—The people prefer gold because it is less troublesome than
silver money.
_Gurdaspur._—The facility of transit is the reason why corn merchants
prefer sovereigns to silver.
_Ambala._—Both in cities and villages, sovereigns are replacing notes
more than rupees.
_Bannu._—Gold is slowly but steadily replacing currency notes.
_Rohtak._—(With the increase of gold) a corresponding decrease in the
use of currency notes has been observed during 1911–12.
_Ludhiana._—(With the increase of gold) the issues of notes have
correspondingly decreased.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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