Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The Indian wars in the southern colonies brought the same action in
Rhode Island as in the other New England colonies. In July 5, 1715,
an act was passed to prohibit the importation of Indian slaves.
The preamble of the act states that in both Rhode Island and the
neighboring colonies, “conspiracies, insurrections, rapes, thefts and
other execrable crimes” had been perpetrated by the Indian slaves, “and
the increase of them in this colony daily discourages the importing
of white servants from Great Britain, etc., into this colony, which
if not immediately remedied may prove very pernicious and troublesome
to this government”. The act, therefore, provided that within three
months after its publication, all Indians, male or female, of whatever
age, brought by land or sea, from any part or place, to be disposed of,
sold or left within the colony, should be forfeited to his majesty, for
and toward the support of the colony, unless the person who brought
in such Indian or Indians, should give security of £50 per head to
carry them out within the period of one month. All masters of ships,
and others engaged in the traffic, were to record in the secretary’s
office within twenty-four hours after arrival the names, number and sex
of the Indians and give security of £50 per head. Failure to meet this
requirement was to be punished by the confiscation of the Indians.[666]
This act was continued in force and was reënacted in the Digest of Laws
in 1766.
In New Hampshire a law was passed in 1714 forbidding the importation
or bringing into the province, by sea or land, of any male or female
Indian to be used as a servant or a slave. This was done because
of the fact that “notorious crimes or enormities have of late been
perpetrated and committed by Indians or other slaves, within several of
her Majesty’s plantations in America”, and because the use of Indian
slaves was considered “a discouragement to Christian servants”.[667]
By the terms of the act, “Indians, male or female, of what age soever,
that shall be imported or brought into this province by sea or land,
every master of ship or other vessel, merchant or person, importing or
bringing into this province such Indians, male or female, shall forfeit
to her Majesty, for the support of the government, the sum of £10 per
head, to be sued for and recovered in any of her Majesty’s courts of
record, ... to be paid into the treasury for the use of the aforesaid”.
The occasion for this act was the same as that for the Massachusetts
act of 1712, namely, the bringing of southern Indian slaves to the
northern colonies. The influence of Massachusetts is readily seen, for
Indian slaves could not have been so numerous as to have been a serious
menace in a province of fewer than 10,000 inhabitants.[668]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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