The author desires to express his indebtedness to Mrs. N. M. Surrey for her generous permission to use manuscript material collected in the southern states; to the librarians and their assistants of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the New York Historical Society, the Pennsylvania Historical Society, and the Maryland Historical Society, for their many kindnesses; and to Professor Herbert L. Osgood, of Columbia University, for his advice and for the use of extracts from the records of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. The author’s most sincere thanks are due to Professor William R. Shepherd, of Columbia University, under whose guidance this work has been carried on. His suggestions and criticisms have been invaluable, and he has given unsparingly of his time in reading both manuscript and proof. +Almon W. Lauber.+ +New York City, March 15, 1913.+ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I THE INSTITUTION AS PRACTICED BY THE INDIANS, THE SPANIARDS AND THE FRENCH CHAPTER I +Enslavement by the Indians Themselves+ PAGE Introductory statement 25 Indian slavery among the Indians practically universal 25 More extensively used among some tribes than others 25 No entire tribes held in subjection 25 Slavery on the Great Plains and Atlantic Slope 25 Different from that in west 25 Not slavery in the true sense in many cases 25 “Slavery” confounded with “prisoner” and “adoption” 25 Slavery to be interpreted in the broadest sense 26 Processes of enslavement 26–35 For crime 26 Indians staked themselves when gambling 26 Indians sold children in time of famine 26 Barter with other tribes 27–28 Warfare 29–35 Coming of Europeans affected slavery 33–35 Stirring up tribes against one another 34 Employment of Indian slaves 35–39 Domestic servants 35–36 Mistresses 36 Agricultural laborers 36 Miners 37